Assessing Earthquake-induced Debris Flow Risk in the first UNESCO World Heritage in Malaysia

Rosli, Muhammad Iylia; Kamal, N. A. Mohd; Razak, Khamarrul Azahari

doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2021.100550

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The selected study area is an undulating terrain located at the southeast flank of Mount Kinabalu, Kundasang with altitudes ranging from 578 to 2384 m [7]. Figure 4 shows the Mesilau watershed, ranging from the upstream area in the mountain to the downstream area in the Ranau town (the irregular yellow boundary), while the source area of debris flows is located in the eastern plateau of Mount Kinabalu (the red polygon).…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike the other two settlements, the Mesilau village has been exposed to many geological hazards and associated risks due to its proximity to the foot slope of the mountain, two main rivers, and tourist areas with many attractive infrastructures. These infrastructures include Desa Dairy Farm, Mesilau Golf Club, Strawberry Farm Mesilau, Mesilau Cat's village, Mesilau Nature Resort, homestays, Maragang hill, and Sososdikon hill [7]. The area is also widely known as one of the primary agriculture production zones in Sabah, due to its climate, topography, and tourism activities in the vicinity of Mount Kinabalu.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The associated fault during the 2015 Ranau earthquake was due to the normal slip of the Lobou-Lobou fault, with the epicentre located at the highland of Kundasang town and a shallow depth of 10 km beneath Mount Kinabalu [8]. Historically, the Ranau district recorded three earthquakes exceeding 5.0 Mw [7,8], i.e., in 1966 (Mw 5.3), 1991 (Mw 5.2), and 2015 (Mw 6.0), with approximate return periods of every 24 to 25 years [7]. Evidence of weak geological materials and earthquake studies have categorised this area as high risk to geological hazards and the associated risks [54,56,57].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Frequent rains were recorded for seven days with a cumulative rainfall of 66.3 mm and the highest rainfall intensity of 14.2 mm/h on 15 June 2015, which triggered the event. Chronologically, the extensive ground shaking from the main earthquake triggered many shallow and deep-seated landslides within the vicinity of Mount Kinabalu on 5 June 2015 and partially accumulated the debris and sediment as the temporary landslide dam [7]. The subsequent prolonged rainfall further reduced the stability of the landslide The debris flow in the channelised Mesilau river was mainly induced by prolonged rainfall ten days after the 6.0 Mw Ranau earthquake on 5 June 2015 (Figure 3) with a series of aftershocks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The simulated result could provide important insight for improving the management of hazards and risks in this tectonically active area. Several studies have been conducted to investigate the earthquake at Kundasang [7], which have focused mainly on the causes and impacts of the earthquake [8], landslide inventory [32,33], landslide susceptibility [34], landslide hazard and risk [35], land cover assessment [36], and business continuity plan [30]. However, little is known about the debris flow travelling along the channelised Mesilau river from the upstream to the downstream areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Debris Flow Runout: A Case Study on the Mesilau Watershed, Kundasang, Sabah

Rosli

Ros

Razak

et al. 2021

Water

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Debris flows are among the fatal geological hazards in Malaysia, with 23 incidents recorded in the last two decades. To date, very few studies have been carried out to understand the debris flow processes, causes, and runouts nationwide. This study simulated the debris flow at the Mesilau watershed of Kundasang Sabah caused by the prolonged rainfall after the 2015 Ranau earthquake. Several interrelated processing platforms, such as ArcGIS, HEC-HMS, and HyperKANAKO, were used to extract the parameters, model the debris flow, and perform a sensitivity analysis to achieve the best-fit debris flow runout. The debris flow travelled at least 18.6 km to the Liwagu Dam. The best-fit runout suggested that the average velocity was 12.5 m/s and the lead time to arrive at the Mesilau village was 4.5 min. This high debris flow velocity was probably due to the high-water content from the watershed baseflow with a discharge rate of 563.8 m3/s. The flow depth and depositional thickness were both lower than 5.0 m. This study could provide crucial inputs for designing an early warning system, improving risk communication, and strengthening the local disaster risk reduction and resilience strategy in a tectonically active area in Malaysia.

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Debris Flow Runout: A Case Study on the Mesilau Watershed, Kundasang, Sabah

Rosli

Ros

Razak

et al. 2021

Water

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Water Quality for River Basins after Post Earthquake Event

Payus¹,

Anuar²,

Musta³

et al. 2023

eer

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An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter Scale struck Ranau, Sabah, on the 5th of June, 2015. It was recorded as the most significant earthquake occurrence in Sabah and had many implications, such as casualties, house and facilities damages, minor injuries, and environmental disruptions. In addition, the combination of continuous heavy rainfall triggered mudflow through landslides, which impacted the river's quality and disrupted the local water supply. The degradation of water quality will be due to the excess rainwater that cannot be absorbed by the soil, bringing the remnants of landslides into the river. Therefore, this study aims to monitor and assess the water quality of selected rivers affected by the earthquake and the mudflow to ensure it is safe to be utilised by the local residents. A total of five affected rivers were studied by analysing their physicochemical parameters, namely pH, temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and electrical conductivity (EC). The results indicated that the mudflow overall creates a turbid, foamy and smelly river. High turbidity readings associated with high suspended solids were detected on specific dates for respective river stations. The high readings were associated with the cause of mass fish death in Sungai Kadamaian. Next, Sungai Mesilou faced a high-temperature reading above two celcius, which was not favourable for aquatic life. Physically, Sungai Mesilou also became shallower and flowed slowly. However, overall monitoring data revealed that the river's water quality was in good condition, except for the high turbidity dates. Nevertheless, the water quality of the respective rivers can recover on its own with the drop in turbidity levels found by the end of the monitoring dates, specifically at Sungai Panataran (S1), Sungai Kadamaian (S3) and Sungai Mesilou (S4). Hence, the water quality of such rivers, in general, is practically good and safe.

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Landslides triggered by the 2015 M_w 6.0 Sabah (Malaysia) earthquake: inventory and ESI-07 intensity assignment

Ferrario

2022

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. On 4 June 2015, a Mw 6.0 earthquake occurred in the Sabah region (Malaysia), triggering widespread landslides along the slopes of Mt. Kinabalu. Despite the moderate magnitude, the Sabah earthquake was very efficient in triggering landslides: here I provide an inventory containing 5198 slope movements, mapped in an 810 km2 wide area. I investigate earthquake intensity using the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI-07) scale, which is a macroseismic scale based exclusively on earthquake environmental effects. The epicentral ESI-07 intensity is assessed at IX, considering the dimension of the area affected by secondary effects; such figure agrees well with a dataset of global earthquakes. I estimate the volume of individual landslides using area–volume scaling laws; then, I assign an ESI-07 intensity to each mapped landslide. I document that the selection of a given area–volume relation has a minor influence on the ESI-07 assignment. Then, I compare ESI-07 values to landslide density and areal percentage on a 1 km2 grid; such parameters are widely adopted in the description of earthquake-triggered landslide inventories. I argue that their integration with the ESI-07 scale may provide an effective way to compare earthquake damage on a variety of spatial and temporal scales. The methodological workflow illustrated here is useful in joining the scientific communities dealing with the development of earthquake-triggered landslide inventories and with ESI-07 assignment; I believe this effort is beneficial for both communities.

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Assessing Earthquake-induced Debris Flow Risk in the first UNESCO World Heritage in Malaysia

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Modelling Debris Flow Runout: A Case Study on the Mesilau Watershed, Kundasang, Sabah

Modelling Debris Flow Runout: A Case Study on the Mesilau Watershed, Kundasang, Sabah

Water Quality for River Basins after Post Earthquake Event

Landslides triggered by the 2015 M_w 6.0 Sabah (Malaysia) earthquake: inventory and ESI-07 intensity assignment

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Assessing Earthquake-induced Debris Flow Risk in the first UNESCO World Heritage in Malaysia

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Modelling Debris Flow Runout: A Case Study on the Mesilau Watershed, Kundasang, Sabah

Modelling Debris Flow Runout: A Case Study on the Mesilau Watershed, Kundasang, Sabah

Water Quality for River Basins after Post Earthquake Event

Landslides triggered by the 2015 Mw 6.0 Sabah (Malaysia) earthquake: inventory and ESI-07 intensity assignment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Landslides triggered by the 2015 M_w 6.0 Sabah (Malaysia) earthquake: inventory and ESI-07 intensity assignment