Assessing exposure to climate extremes over the Arabian Peninsula using ERA5 reanalysis data: Spatial distribution and temporal trends

Al-Sakkaf, Ali Salem; Zhang, Jiahua; Yao, Fengmei; Hamed, Mohammed Magdy; Simbi, Claudien Habimana; Ahmed, Arslan; Shahid, Shamsuddin

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107224

Atmospheric Research

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107224

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Assessing exposure to climate extremes over the Arabian Peninsula using ERA5 reanalysis data: Spatial distribution and temporal trends

Ali Salem Al-Sakkaf,

Jiahua Zhang,

Fengmei Yao

et al.

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Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

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Summertime secondary convection and interaction with sea‐breeze circulations

Fonseca,

Francis,

Nelli

et al. 2024

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Summertime convection in the arid United Arab Emirates (UAE) is mostly confined to the eastern and northeastern sides of the country, known as primary convection. Convection can also occur in the drier central and western parts of the country; this is called secondary convection. However, the mechanisms behind the latter are still not fully understood, even though it represents a crucial water source in the hotter months. To this end, a series of real‐case and semi‐idealized numerical simulations are performed to explore the role of sea breezes emanating from the nearby water bodies in triggering convection. We found the primary convection is mostly driven by convergence of the sea breezes from the Sea of Oman and Arabian Gulf with the topography‐driven circulations at the Al Hajar mountains. When the Arabian Gulf sea breeze is removed, which is achieved by replacing the water body with flat desert land, the convection is weaker. Secondary convection is triggered by the convergence of the sea breeze from the Arabian Gulf with the circulation associated with the Arabian heat low (AHL). In the absence of the Arabian Gulf sea breeze, it develops in response to low‐level convergence within the southerly monsoon flow reinforced by the AHL's circulation. It is fed by moisture from the Arabian Sea advected by the southerly flow into the UAE enhanced by surface evaporation. The sea breeze from the Sea of Oman plays a minor role in the secondary convection. Sensitivity experiments confirmed these findings. The results presented here stress that any variation in the characteristics of the sea breezes, such as through changes in surface properties (e.g., land‐use land cover), will impact the nature and intensity of the primary and secondary convection in the UAE. However, summertime convection will continue to occur, owing to favourable dynamic and thermodynamic conditions at regional scale.

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Summertime secondary convection and interaction with sea‐breeze circulations

Fonseca,

Francis,

Nelli

et al. 2024

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Quantifying the stochastic trends of climate extremes over Yemen: a comprehensive assessment using ERA5 data

Al-Sakkaf,

Zhang,

Yao

et al. 2024

Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess

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Wind speed super-resolution and validation: from ERA5 to CERRA via diffusion models

Merizzi,

Asperti,

Colamonaco

2024

Neural Comput & Applic

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The Copernicus Regional Reanalysis for Europe, CERRA, is a high-resolution regional reanalysis dataset for the European domain. In recent years, it has shown significant utility across various climate-related tasks, ranging from forecasting and climate change research to renewable energy prediction, resource management, air quality risk assessment, and the forecasting of rare events, among others. Unfortunately, the availability of CERRA is lagging 2 years behind the current date, due to constraints in acquiring the requisite external data and the intensive computational demands inherent in its generation. As a solution, this paper introduces a novel method using diffusion models to approximate CERRA downscaling in a data-driven manner, without additional informations. By leveraging the lower resolution ERA5 dataset, which provides boundary conditions for CERRA, we approach this as a super-resolution task. Focusing on wind speed around Italy, our model, trained on existing CERRA data, shows promising results, closely mirroring the original CERRA. Validation with in-situ observations further confirms the model’s accuracy in approximating ground measurements.

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Assessing exposure to climate extremes over the Arabian Peninsula using ERA5 reanalysis data: Spatial distribution and temporal trends

Cited by 11 publications

References 85 publications

Summertime secondary convection and interaction with sea‐breeze circulations

Summertime secondary convection and interaction with sea‐breeze circulations

Quantifying the stochastic trends of climate extremes over Yemen: a comprehensive assessment using ERA5 data

Wind speed super-resolution and validation: from ERA5 to CERRA via diffusion models

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