Assessing nutrient salts and trace metals distributions in the coastal water of Jeddah, Red Sea

Abstract

In this study, eighteen sites at Jeddah coastal area, Red Sea, have been assessed for water quality status, depending on nutrients, metals, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and physical variables during 2018 and 2019. The investigated parameters of the Water Quality Index (WQI) are temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), DO saturation, oxidizable organic matter (OOM), suspended particulate matter (SPM), Chl-a, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, total nitrogen, reactive phosphate, total phosphorus, silicate, Zn, Fe, Mn Cu, Cd, Pb, and Ni. The results revealed that the pH values were slightly alkaline with a range of 7.85–8.20. The results of other parameters were as follow: salinity (36.95–42.61PSU), DO (5.22–6.67 mg/L), OOM (0.40–1.23 mg/L), SPM (12.39–21.5 mg/L), Chl-a (0.10–0.83 µg/L). The range of nutrients (μM) were 0.07–0.22, 0.45–1.47, 9.62–18.64, 23.31–57.65, 0.05–0.15, 0.55–2.78 and 2.54–5.51 for NH 4 /N, NO 2 /N, NO 3 /N, TN, PO 4 /P, TP and SiO 4 /Si, respectively. Cluster analysis was used to classify the stations studied. From the current study, five clusters were found, indicating the need to perform cluster analysis in the water quality assessment process to confirm the durability and consistency of the data discovered in the current application.

Assessment of heavy metal contamination in water, sediments, and Mangrove plant of Al-Budhai region, Red Sea Coast, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

“…In this study, the values of Zn content were in the range from 2.77 at St.VI to 4.42 μg L −1 at St. III with an average 3.54 ± 0.60 μgL −1 .Cu concentration ranging between 0.81 at St. II and 1.54 μgL −1 at St.VI with an average 1.20 ± 0.26 μg L −1 . These values of zinc and copper in the present study were less compared with those reported by Al-Mur (2020) [28]; it was in the range from 22.0 ± 8.0 to 19.50 ± 6.80 μgL −1 for Zn, and 1.67 ± 0.60 and 3.20 ± 1.10 μgL −1 for Cu. The previous studies showed a strong relationship between each biological factor and the accumulation of trace metals in plants and microorganisms.…”

“…But, it can be interpreted by the oxidation process of ferrous to iron hydroxides. This result was observed from previous studies [28,74].…”

“…This area has been categorized as the hyper-arid climatic zone with almost 38% salinity of water [26]. The annual average precipitation in between 2.8-and 22.3-mm year −1 was recorded considering the subtropical and tropical climatic conditions with erratic rainfall and extreme evaporation rate [27,28]. The oceanography conditions have very high temperatures over 45°C and wind flow usually showed north to north-northwest direction during all times of the year in this area [29].…”

A Bayesian Approach to Carrying Capacity Estimate: The Case of Greek Coastal Cage Aquaculture

“…Si-SiO 4 is strongly related to Total N (value = 0.88; p = 0.0078). This relationship seems to be owed to their importance for the algal growth and, hence, chl-a concentration [38].…”

Marine-derived sea urchin compounds as potential anti-cancer drug candidate against colorectal cancer: In silico and in vitro studies

“…The distinct biodiversity of the Red Sea is a result of its high salinity range, and more than 1,000 species of invertebrates have been documented ( Al-Mur, 2020 ). However, it is crucial to exploring bioactive substances created by marine invertebrates.…”