“…Within this latter approach, Evert (2008) distinguished surface, textual, and syntactic cooccurrences. Although surface co-occurrence has no requirement for the cooccurring words beyond meeting frequency and/or association thresholds of co-occurrence (see also Bestgen & Granger, 2014;Chen, 2019;Gablasova et al, 2017), the other two types of co-occurrences also have textual structure or syntactic relationship requirements for the co-occurrences. With the advent of dependency grammar, researchers have used dependency parsers (e.g., Kyle, 2016;Paquot, 2019) or corpora annotated with dependency relations (e.g., Jiang, Bi, & Liu, 2019) to identify and/or analyze phraseological units, including syntactic co-occurrences.…”