Assessing the Cytoskeletal System and its Elements in C6 Glioma Cells and Astrocytes by Atomic Force Microscopy

Abstract

Whole cytoskeleton and its elements of C6 cells were disclosed of characteristic structures associated with invasiveness. Meanwhile, the content of F-actin could be used as a parameter for measuring cell invasiveness.

G-actin Participates in RNA Polymerase II-dependent Transcription Elongation by Recruiting Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb)

“…Immunofluorescence Assay-The immunofluorescence assays were conducted according to the procedures described by Zhou et al (40) with minor modifications. The cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min at room temperature and then permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 (Genview) for 10 min at 4°C.…”

AFM membrane roughness as a probe to identify oxidative stress-induced cellular apoptosis

“…As examples, AFM has been applied for morphological studies on hyaluronic acid-collagen/chitosan complex film (Wu et al, 2008), T4 bacteriophage virus particles (Kolbe et al, 1992;Matsko et al, 2001), NIH 3T3 fibroblasts (Kuznetsov et al, 2002) and mouse cardiomyocytes (Kliche et al, 2006). In some applications, AFM was integrated with fluorescence microscope or laser scanning confocal microscope for cell studies (Poole et al, 2004;Zhou et al, 2008). In addition to the morphological studies, AFM could also be used in measurements of biomechanical properties, such as cell adhesion force and cell stiffness (Puech et al, 2005;Oberleithner, 2005).…”

AEE788 potentiates celecoxib-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in human colon cancer cells

“…Information provided by these images includes, but are not restricted to, changes in cell morphology, cytoskeletal elements, organelles and cell volumes. Accordingly, some studies have utilized both AFM and CLSM to examine structure-function relationships in biological systems Zhou et al, 2008). AFM analysis of control cells suggests invasive properties of the proliferating HCT 15 cells.…”

“…In cytoskeleton architecture, actin is a large filamentous structure extending from the plasma membrane through the nuclear envelope to the interior of the nucleus. The cytoskeleton is involved in fundamental cellular processes including maintenance of cell shape, cell movement, cell replication, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cell communication and signal transduction (Zhou et al, 2008). Either AEE788 (IC 50 ) alone or in combination (celecoxib (IC 50 ) + AEE788 (3.8 μM)) induced potential antimetastatic activity in HCT 15 cells by disorganization of actin filaments and inhibition of cell membrane extensions (Roh et al, 2004;Yokoi et al, 2005;Venkatesan et al, 2010).…”