Assessing the diversity and intensity of pesticide use in communal area cotton production in Zimbabwe

Mubvekeri, W.; Bare, Janie L.; Makaka, Caston; Jimu, F.

doi:10.5897/jene2014.0476

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…No-tillage cultivation Less disturbance and more biodiversity (Risch, Andow, and Altieri 1983; Perdikis, Fantinou, and Lykouressis 2011) Less soil, nutrients and water loss (DeHaan, Van Tassel, and Cox 2005;Zhang et al 2013) Less pesticide usage (Luttrell et al 1994; Khader and Prakash 2014) Without destroying cotton stalks (Mubvekeri et al 2014) Saving costs for plowing and seeds (Zhang et al 2013;Macharia 2013) Lowering labor costs (Zhang et al 2015a;Zhang et al 2015b) Well-established root system…”

Section: Content Reference Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower threat from weeds (Evenson 1970; Khader and Prakash 2014) Lower demand for fertilizer (Haughton et al 2009;Bunzel et al 2014) More adaptable to irregular rainfall (Fontes et al 2006;Macharia 2013) Sell crops from an earlier harvest (Mubvekeri et al 2014) Indeterminate flowering habit Longer flowering and fruiting (Macharia 2013) Higher yield (Chen et al 2008;Zhang et al 2015a) Less yield loss without pesticide usage (Ramalho 1994) Problems…”

Section: Content Reference Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…existing roots grow into mature plants earlier than sown cotton; thus, planters are likely to sell crops earlier from an earlier harvest without destroying cotton stalks (Mubvekeri et al 2014).…”

Section: Ratooning Annual Cotton Cultivars For Perennial Croppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Countries that historically banned or currently ban the perennial cropping of ratoon cotton include Australia (Plucknett, Evenson, and Sanford 1970), Egypt (Evenson 1970), the USA (Bergman 1985;Showler 2009), Zambia (Macharia 2013) and Zimbabwe (Mubvekeri et al 2014). Although perennial cropping of ratoon cotton has many long-term ecological and economic benefits, the fear of carrying or accumulating the spiny bollworm (Earius insulana), pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) and cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) serves to hinder its usage.…”

Section: Ratooning Annual Cotton Cultivars For Biannual Croppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ratoon cotton is advantageous for sustainable development, and has been cultivated in many cotton-growing countries, such as Australia, Brazil, China, Guyana, Kenya, India, Israel, Pakistan, Peru, South Africa and the USA (Plucknett, Evenson, and Sanford 1970;Khan and Shabbir 1974;Bullen, Granger, and Persaud 1982;Macharia 2013;Khader and Prakash 2014;Zhang et al 2015a). In comparison to sown cotton, ratoon cotton has three major advantages: (1) no-tillage cultivation, which can cause less disturbance; more biodiversity (Risch, Andow, and Altieri 1983;Perdikis, Fantinou, and Lykouressis 2011); and less soil, nutrient, water loss (DeHaan, Van Tassel, and Cox 2005;Zhang et al 2013), and pesticide usage (Luttrell et al 1994;Khader and Prakash 2014) without destroying cotton stalks (Mubvekeri et al 2014), thereby saving plowing and seed expenses (Macharia 2013;Zhang et al 2013) and lowering labor costs (Zhang et al 2015a(Zhang et al , 2015b; (2) a well-established root system, which results in less weed threat (Evenson 1970;Khader and Prakash 2014), a lower demand for fertilizer (Haughton et al 2009;Bunzel et al 2014), plants that are more adaptable to irregular rainfall (Fontes et al 2006;Macharia 2013), and the ability to sell crops earlier as a result of an earlier harvest; and 3an indeterminate flowering habit, which is advantageous for longer flowering and fruiting (Macharia 2013), thus resulting in a higher yield (Chen et al 2008;Zhang et al 2015a) or less yield loss without pesticide application (Ramalho 1994). However, ratooning cotton is associated with a range of problems, such as (1) encouraging the accumulation of pests and diseases over years, including serving as a host for pests and diseases in winter…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Harnessing perennial and indeterminant growth habits for ratoon cotton ( Gossypium spp.) cropping

Zhang

Kong

Zhou

et al. 2020

Ecosyst Health Sustain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ratoon is the stub or root of a perennial plant that is commonly retained after harvest to produce a following crop. This paper presents a review of ratoon cotton in relation to a broader framework that has been examining perennialization of agriculture for the benefit of ecology and economy. Cotton is botanically indeterminate, but has been treated as an annual after domestication, yet the habit of perenniality is retained and the plants begin to resprout after the first harvest. In some cropping systems, this tendency is exploited using the "ratooning" practice (i.e. growing one or more crops on the rootstock of the first). Ratooning has declined for various reasons such as an increase in the prevalence of pests and diseases and overwintering risk. However, ratooning has many benefits such as no annual tillage before sowing, a well-established root system, and high yield. The three methods of ratooning offer flexibility to balance the environmental and economic benefits in agriculture. The greatest environmental benefits arise from perennial ratoon cropping of semi-wild cotton, and the greatest economic benefit is obtained from biannually cropping modern annual cultivars. However, an optimum solution would be provided by perennial cropping annual cultivars. To realize both environmental and economic benefits, research is needed in the following main areas: preventing the buildup of pests and diseases, breeding the most suitable cotton cultivars for ratooning, and developing light and simplified cultivation (LSC) systems for ratoon cultivation.

show abstract

Section: Content Reference Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Content Reference Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ratooning Annual Cotton Cultivars For Perennial Croppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ratooning Annual Cotton Cultivars For Biannual Croppingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Harnessing perennial and indeterminant growth habits for ratoon cotton ( Gossypium spp.) cropping

Zhang

Kong

Zhou

et al. 2020

Ecosyst Health Sustain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The role of chemical exposures in reducing the effectiveness of water–sanitation–hygiene interventions in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe

Kearns

2020

WIREs Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sustainable success of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) interventions to reduce waterborne disease and promote public health in low‐income regions is uncertain. Recent large randomized controlled trials in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe revealed that traditional household WASH interventions are unlikely to reduce diarrhea or improve linear growth (i.e., reduce stunting) in infants and children—two important indicators of the effectiveness of WASH interventions. A possible factor contributing to the null results is that traditional WASH interventions control microbial pathogens but do not remove chemical toxicants. Exposure to many organic and inorganic chemical toxicants is associated with diarrheal symptoms, as well as with preterm birth and stunting. Many chemical toxicants have deleterious effects on the immune system, impairing the body's response to infectious diseases, and reducing the effectiveness of vaccinations. Globalization has led to rapid and largely unregulated import, production, use, and disposal without adequate treatment of large quantities of hazardous chemicals throughout the developing world, with profound effects on the environment and human health. Literature evidence from the past 10 to 15 years on putative and demonstrated chemical exposures in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe and the regions within the countries where the large WASH trials took place supports potential contribution(s) from chemical toxicants in the failure of traditional WASH interventions to relieve diarrhea and stunting. Mitigating exposures to organic and inorganic chemical immunotoxins through drinking water and other routes is likely to be a necessary‐but‐insufficient criterion for the sustainable success of WASH interventions. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water

show abstract

Status of pesticides pollution in Tanzania – A review

Elibariki

Maguta

2017

Chemosphere

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Assessing the diversity and intensity of pesticide use in communal area cotton production in Zimbabwe

Abstract: Assess com

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Harnessing perennial and indeterminant growth habits for ratoon cotton ( Gossypium spp.) cropping

Harnessing perennial and indeterminant growth habits for ratoon cotton ( Gossypium spp.) cropping

The role of chemical exposures in reducing the effectiveness of water–sanitation–hygiene interventions in Bangladesh, Kenya, and Zimbabwe

Status of pesticides pollution in Tanzania – A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About