Assessing the Functional Properties of TiZr Nanotubular Structures for Biomedical Applications, through Nano-Scratch Tests and Adhesion Force Maps

Abstract

In this work we present the results of a functional properties assessment via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based surface morphology, surface roughness, nano-scratch tests and adhesion force maps of TiZr-based nanotubular structures. The nanostructures have been electrochemically prepared in a glycerin + 15 vol.% H2O + 0.2 M NH4F electrolyte. The AFM topography images confirmed the successful preparation of the nanotubular coatings. The Root Mean Square (RMS) and average (Ra) roughness parameters increased after anodizing, while the mean adhesion force value decreased. The prepared nanocoatings exhibited a smaller mean scratch hardness value compared to the un-coated TiZr. However, the mean hardness (H) values of the coatings highlight their potential in having reliable mechanical resistances, which along with the significant increase of the surface roughness parameters, which could help in improving the osseointegration, and also with the important decrease of the mean adhesion force, which could lead to a reduction in bacterial adhesion, are providing the nanostructures with a great potential to be used as a better alternative for Ti implants in dentistry.

Sustainable Coatings on Metallic Alloys as a Nowadays Challenge

“…In the coatings world, the nanostructures benefits were exploited successfully, enhancing performance and functionality in many domains, introducing more stability and corrosion resistance in various aggressive environments, including bioliquids. A better cell response, as well as more adhesion and better mechanical properties [134][135][136] were obtained via more green coating fabrication methods. Some multifunctional coatings that are discussed in more detail below are presented in Figure 2.…”

A 3D surface nanomechanical property mapping method with a magnetic-drive orthogonal cantilever probe

“…16 Vardaki et al utilized FD-AFM to map the surface roughness and adhesion of TiZr-based nanotubular structures and assessed other functional properties of these nanotubes for biomedical applications. 17…”

“…16 Vardaki et al utilized FD-AFM to map the surface roughness and adhesion of TiZr-based nanotubular structures and assessed other functional properties of these nanotubes for biomedical applications. 17 However, traditional FD-AFM is mainly oriented toward 2D surface mapping, where the measured height profiles fluctuate at the submicron level. Accurate SNMP characterization of 3D micro-nano devices with large height differences (more than several micrometers) is still a technical bottleneck to be urgently addressed.…”

Advanced Materials for Biomechanical Applications

“…In addition, the other properties of the bio-implants which are largely influenced by the microstructure (of the implant) are the wear and corrosion resistance of these materials on account of being subjected to a highly erosive and corrosive environment inside the human body [59], [62]- [74]. Nano-scratch and nano-fretting techniques are the two most common techniques for determining the wear resistance of biomedical materials [62], [75]- [81]. On the other hand, a number of electrochemical corrosion testing techniques have been reported for determining the extent of resistance of biomedical materials (especially metallic) towards both general and localised corrosion [82]- [86].…”