Assessing the level and diagnostic accuracy of osteopontin and oral health status in periodontitis patients with/without Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective: Investigating osteopontin (OPN) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients affected by periodontitis with or without Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of this study is to explore the possibility of OPN to differentiate between periodontal health and disease. Material and Methods: A total number of 36 participants seeking periodontal treatment were recruited in this pilot study and divided into three study groups. Periodontitis [systemically healthy participants with periodontitis (probing pocket depth) PPD (probing pocket depth) ≥ 4mm], periodontitis and poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (), and control (systemically and periodontally healthy periodontium) groups. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and PPD were examined. OPN level was measured in the GCF and analysed, using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent assay. Results: PI and GI were significantly higher in T2DM with periodontitis compared to periodontitis and control groups. Both periodontitis and P-T2DM groups showed significant increase in the OPN levels compared to control group (p<0.001). PPD showed the only significant positive association with OPN (p<0.001) compared to other clinical parameters. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis demonstrated that OPN had higher area under the curve value (AUC: 0.95) in periodontitis compared to P-T2DM patients (AUC: 0.86). Conclusion: In periodontitis groups, clinical parameters were equally deteriorated together with significant increase in the expression of OPN compared to control. Furthermore, GCF levels of OPN were sensitive and specific enough to discriminate between health and periodontitis even with T2DM. This could introduce OPN to be as a candidate diagnostic biomarker of periodontal disease.