“…Consequently, there are some gaps in the above literature that need to be filled. Previous studies have concentrated mainly on the direct effects of factors such as GES, entrepreneurial competency, GESE, entrepreneurial education, GOs, EI, innovation, EM, entrepreneurial tasks, GIs, AoC, green performance, entrepreneurial competencies, green innovations, green responsiveness and capital (human, social and psychological) (Rajabi et al, 2018;Bag and Gupta, 2020;Rajapakse et al, 2022;Paliwal et al, 2022;Lingappa et al, 2023). However, in the direct or indirect presence of GESE, these associations are not concentrated enough (Nowi nski et al, 2019;Soomro et al, 2020a, b;Hussain et al, 2021;Jiatong et al, 2021;Mia et al, 2022;Li and Kang, 2022;Tran et al, 2023;Lingappa et al, 2023;Al Shammre et al, 2023).…”