Assessing the Spatial-Temporal Land use Change and Encroachment Activities Due to Flood Hazard in North Coast of Central Java, Indonesia

Abstract

Demak is known as the second largest region suffering land use change in Java’s North Coast. The topographic condition in downstream affects this area becomes susceptible with flood hazard. This research aims to assess the interactions between flooding, land use change and encroachment activities in Mijen and Wedung sub districts, Demak region, Central Java, Indonesia. This research combines the Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impact and Response (DPSIR) analysis. The supervised classification by Maximum Likelihood of time series Landsat images (2000, 2009 and 2014) was chosen for land cover analysis. The land use change shows that paddy field area descended almost 6%, mangrove forest fall 79% meanwhile settlement grown up almost double in 2000-2014. The result of overall accuracy assessment is 78.23%. The DPSIR result shows that land use change not too affect the flood events but floods influence land use pattern in north and south area of Mijen and Wedung. AbstrakDemak merupakan daerah tertinggi kedua yang mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan di wilayah Pantai Utara Jawa (PANTURA). Kondisi topografinya yang berada di daerah hilir mengakibatkan daerah ini rawan bencana banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa interaksi antara banjir, perubahan penggunaan lahan dan aktivitas yang mengakibatkan perubahan lahan di kecamatan Mijen dan Wedung, Kabupaten Demak, Jawa Tengah-Indonesia. Penelitian ini menerapkan analisis DPSIR (Penyebab Utama, Tekanan, Keadaan, Akibat dan Respon) guna memahami akar permasalahan dan efek berantai dari hubungan tersebut. Klasifikasi terbimbing dengan Maximum Likelihood dari Citra Landsat (2000, 2009 dan 2014) dipilih untuk pemetaan dan analisis tutupan lahan. Hasil perubahan penggunaan lahan menunjukkan bahwa sawah berkurang 6%, hutan mangrove terdegradasi sebanyak 79% sedangkan pemukiman berkembang dua kali lipat selama periode 2000-2014. Hasil analisis akurasi menunjukkan nilai sebesar 78.23 %. Hasil analisis DPSIR menunjukkan bahwa perubahan penggunaan lahan tidak terlalu mempengaruhi kejadian banjir tetapi banjir mempengaruhi pola penggunaan lahan di bagian utara dan selatan wilayah Demak.

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