Assessment and requirements of nuclear reaction databases for GCR transport in the atmosphere and structures

Cucinotta, F.; Wilson, John W.; Shinn, Judy L.; Tripathi, R. K.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1177(98)00062-3

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The inclusive cross sections for absorption, s j , and fragmentation, knock-out elastic scattering etc., s jk , are described elsewhere (Wilson et al, 1991). The cross sections for nuclear fragmentation are from the QMSFRG model which has shown good agreement with experiments (Cucinotta et al, 1998).…”

Section: Radiation Transport Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of MIR-18 results for physical and biological dosimetry: radiation shielding effectiveness in LEO

Cucinotta

Wilson

Williams

et al. 2000

Radiation Measurements

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We compare models of radiation transport and biological response to physical and biological dosimetry results from astronauts on the Mir space station. Transport models are shown to be in good agreement with physical measurements and indicate that the ratio of equivalent dose from the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) to protons is about 3/2:1 and that this ratio will increase for exposures to internal organs. Two biological response models are used to compare to the Mir biodosimetry for chromosome aberration in lymphocyte cells; a track-structure model and the linear-quadratic model with linear energy transfer (LET) dependent weighting coefficients. These models are fit to in vitro data for aberration formation in human lymphocytes by photons and charged particles. Both models are found to be in reasonable agreement with data for aberrations in lymphocytes of Mir crew members: however there are differences between the use of LET dependent weighting factors and track structure models for assigning radiation quality factors. The major difference in the models is the increased effectiveness predicted by the track model for low charge and energy ions with LET near 10 keV/micrometers. The results of our calculations indicate that aluminum shielding, although providing important mitigation of the effects of trapped radiation, provides no protective effect from the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in low-earth orbit (LEO) using either equivalent dose or the number of chromosome aberrations as a measure until about 100 g/cm 2 of material is used.

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Section: Radiation Transport Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Analysis of MIR-18 results for physical and biological dosimetry: radiation shielding effectiveness in LEO

Cucinotta

Wilson

Williams

et al. 2000

Radiation Measurements

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“…Yet, the low-energy protons and other light ions produced in tissue through neutron collisions contribute significantly to biological injury and must be accounted. This was the basis of the studies of Heinbockel et al (2003) starting with Clowdsley et al (2000Clowdsley et al ( , 2001 using the NUCFRG2 database and the light ion cross sections of Cucinotta (Cucinotta and Dubey, 1994;Cucinotta et al, 1998), with recent improvements provided by Slaba et al (2010a). Herein, we will concentrate on extending the transport formalism to full 3D using the NUCFRG3 database.…”

Section: Deterministic Code Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PHITS and FLUKA have a tendency toward greater production of neutrons and protons below 1 GeV, whereas Geant4 is in better agreement with 3DHZETRN. Note that 3DHZETRN includes cluster knockout processes generally not addressed in MC simulations (Cucinotta and Dubey, 1994;Cucinotta et al, 1998).…”

Section: Solar Minimum Gcr Benchmarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

3DHZETRN: Shielded ICRU spherical phantom

Wilson

Slaba

Badavi

et al. 2015

Life Sciences in Space Research

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“…Theoretical and computational efforts in the 1980's and 1990's have provided the basic understanding needed to design effective shielding approaches (Wilson et al, 1991, Cucinotta et al, 1998a. Materials of low atomic mass, especially hydrogen are expected to be optimal as radiation shields because they reduce the occurrence of secondary particles (neutrons, protons, and other recoils) and are more effective per unit mass of material in slowing down or stopping ions in atomic collisions, and fragmenting HZE ions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

Cucinotta

Kim

Ren³

2006

Radiation Measurements

129

116

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Abstract:We discuss calculations of probability distribution functions (PDF) representing uncertainties in projecting fatal cancer risk from galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE). The PDF's are used in significance tests of the effectiveness of potential radiation shielding approaches. Uncertainties in risk coefficients determined from epidemiology data, dose and dose-rate reduction factors, quality factors, and physics models of radiation environments are considered in models of cancer risk PDF's. Competing mortality risks and functional correlations in radiation quality factor uncertainties are treated in the calculations. We show that the cancer risk uncertainty, defined as the ratio of the 95% confidence level (CL) to the point estimate is about 4-fold for lunar and Mars mission risk projections. For short-stay lunar missions (<180 d), SPE's present the most significant risk, however one that is mitigated effectively by shielding, especially for carbon composites structures with high hydrogen content. In contrast, for long duration lunar (>180 d) or Mars missions, GCR risks may exceed radiation risk limits, with 95% CL's exceeding 10% fatal risk for males and females on a Mars mission. For reducing GCR cancer risks, shielding materials are marginally effective because of the penetrating nature of GCR and secondary radiation produced in tissue by relativistic particles. At the present time, polyethylene or carbon composite shielding can not be shown to significantly reduce risk compared to aluminum shielding based on a significance test that accounts for radiobiology uncertainties in GCR risk projection.

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Assessment and requirements of nuclear reaction databases for GCR transport in the atmosphere and structures

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Analysis of MIR-18 results for physical and biological dosimetry: radiation shielding effectiveness in LEO

Analysis of MIR-18 results for physical and biological dosimetry: radiation shielding effectiveness in LEO

3DHZETRN: Shielded ICRU spherical phantom

Evaluating shielding effectiveness for reducing space radiation cancer risks

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