Assessment of Effect of Menopause on Saliva and Oral Health Status

Mishra, Richa; Haider, Khushtar; Rizwan, Ramsha; Monga, Shamim; Pritam, Amrita; Singh, Padam

doi:10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_276_21

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Hyposalivation was statistically more frequent in females, which coincides with data described in previous studies [9,12]. Menopausal women can often develop various disorders of the oral mucosa, such as xerostomia and decreased salivary flow [29]. During this physiological period, low estrogen levels can lead to oral changes, including reduced salivary flow, which can produce xerostomia, burning mouth syndrome, increased incidence of dental caries, dysesthesia, taste alterations, atrophic gingivitis, and periodontitis [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

Carvalho,

Santos,

Lima

et al. 2024

Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr.

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Objective: To determine the occurrence of hyposalivation in Brazilian adults and its association with individual determinants, such as the use of medications, systemic conditions, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with 402 adults was developed. Information was collected on sociodemographic and general health characteristics, and sialometry was performed with stimulated salivary flow. It indicated low salivary flow when ≤ 0.7 mL/min. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted using a decision tree (p<0.05). Results: The sample was comprised predominantly of women (68.2%) aged ≤ 29 years (25.4%). Most participants did not use medication (56.7%). Among systemic diseases, the most cited was hypertension (25.1%). More than a third of the participants presented hyposalivation (40.3%), being associated with the following variables: age between 50 to 59 years (p=0.011), female sex (p<0.001), menopause (p=0.001), use of alcohol (p=0.033), systemic disease (p=0.002) and medication use (p<0.001). In multivariate analysis, in addition to sex (p<0.001) and hypertension (p=0.005), an association was also found between hyposalivation and diabetes (p=0.014). Conclusion: Factors associated with hyposalivation in adults were sex and the presence of hypertension or diabetes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

Carvalho,

Santos,

Lima

et al. 2024

Pesqui. Bras. Odontopediatria Clín. Integr.

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“…Saliva production may be reduced during menopause in older women. [ 29 ] This phenomenon may be related to hormonal changes observed among such women. [ 20 ] In the present study, most female participants were post-menopausal women (92.1%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation Among Individuals Attending Oral Cancer Screening in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ekkert,

Deeiam,

Klongnoi

et al. 2024

J Int Soc Prev Community Dent

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Aim: It has been speculated that the prevalence of xerostomia and hyposalivation might be higher among individuals attending oral cancer screening than among members of the general population. Therefore, this study investigated the prevalence of these conditions and their associated factors among individuals taking part in oral cancer screening and residing in the northeastern provinces of Thailand. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited convenient individuals aged ≥40 years with at least one oral cancer risk factor. In total, 561 participants were included. Demographic characteristics and relevant oral cancer risk factors were recorded. A questionnaire comprising five items was used to assess xerostomia. Participants were then categorized into two groups based on the absence or presence of xerostomia. Subsequently, the stimulated salivary flow rate was assessed using the spitting technique to identify hyposalivation. Participants were then separated into two groups depending on the absence or presence of hyposalivation. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were then performed to identify factors associated with xerostomia or hyposalivation. Results: The mean age of participants was 65.62 ± 9.70 years, and approximately 60% of participants were post-menopausal women. The prevalence of xerostomia was 43.85%, and the prevalence of hyposalivation was 61.50%. It was revealed that age ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57, P = 0.02) and burning sensation in the mouth (OR = 5.36, P < 0.001) were strongly associated with xerostomia. Female participants were more likely to exhibit hyposalivation (OR = 2.38, P = 0.001). Oral cancer risk factors were not associated with xerostomia or hyposalivation. Conclusions: In this study, age ≥65 years and burning sensation were identified as risk factors for xerostomia, whereas female sex was a risk factor for hyposalivation. Dentists should be aware of both conditions. Various interventions to alleviate dry mouth symptoms might be useful for individuals with these risk factors.

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“…Salivary pH alterations have been found in patients with various diseases, such as anorexia nervosa [ 11 ], gastroesophageal reflux disease [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and diabetes mellitus [ 15 , 16 ]. Hormonal changes have also been shown to influence this parameter [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antigingivitis, Desensitizing, and Antiplaque Effects of Alkaline Toothpastes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

et al. 2023

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Gingivitis is a widespread disease commonly associated with dentin hypersensitivity, that, in turn, may complicate routine dental care, leading to plaque accumulation. We aimed to assess the antigingivitis, desensitizing, and antiplaque effects of a fluoride-containing (TWF) alkaline toothpaste and a fluoride-free (TW) alkaline toothpaste. Eighty-four consenting patients aged 20–25 years with diagnosed gingivitis and dentin hypersensitivity (DH) were recruited in this double-blind, parallel-group study and randomly divided into two groups (each n = 42). Eighty-two patients completed the entire study protocol. The outcomes were assessed after 4 weeks of intervention. A significant improvement in gingival condition was found according to the modified gingival index, with effect sizes of 0.99 [CI95%: 0.52–1.46] and 1.71 [CI95%: 1.18–2.24], and the gingival bleeding index, with effect sizes of 3.17 [CI95%: 2.39–3.94] and 2.64 [CI95%: 1.96–3.32] in the TW and TWF groups, respectively. DH also decreased in both groups, with a significantly greater reduction in the TWF group (effect sizes of 3.28 [CI95%: 2.51–4.04] and 3.10 [CI95%: 2.40–3.80] according to the visual analog scale and Schiff scale, respectively). No side effects were registered. In conclusion, the use of alkaline toothpaste provided a significant reduction in gingival inflammation and bleeding, DH, and oral hygiene after 4 weeks of daily use in young adults. Trial Registration: NCT0562376. Funding: none.

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Assessment of Effect of Menopause on Saliva and Oral Health Status

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

Factors Associated with Hyposalivation in Brazilian Adults

Prevalence of Xerostomia and Hyposalivation Among Individuals Attending Oral Cancer Screening in Thailand: A Cross-Sectional Study

Antigingivitis, Desensitizing, and Antiplaque Effects of Alkaline Toothpastes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

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