Assessment of Extraction Methods Effects on the Biological Activities (Antioxidant and Antiamylase) and Chemistry (Total Phenolics and Flavonoids)  of Guazuma ulmifolia Leaves

This study aims to evaluate the antihistaminic potential of the plant extract from Lannea coromandelica using both in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro antihistaminic effects were studied using isolated guinea pig ileum to assess dose-dependent inhibitory impacts on histamine-induced contractions. Mast cell density was evaluated using a mast cell count model, calculating the average number of mast cells per unit area in the mesentery. For in vivo assessments, a histamine aerosol-induced bronchospasm model in guinea pigs was used, where pre-convulsive dyspnea (PCD) onset time was noted as pre-convulsive time (PCT). Additionally, a clonidine-induced mast cell degranulation model in rats was employed, with cells stained using 1% toluidine blue to count intact and degranulated mast cells. The Lannea coromandelica extract exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of histamine-induced contractions in isolated guinea pig ileum. Similarly, the extract inhibited mast cell degranulation in a dose-dependent manner, with a higher dose of 400 mg/kg proving more effective than a lower dose of 200 mg/kg. Acute toxicity studies confirmed the safety of the extract at moderate doses, revealing no toxic symptoms at a dosage of 2000 mg/kg body weight. Importantly, the extract significantly increased PCT in guinea pigs and reduced the percentage of disrupted mast cells induced by clonidine. Lannea coromandelica shows promising antihistaminic properties, effectively inhibiting histamine-induced bronchospasm and mast cell degranulation, which can be an option for the development of antiasthmatic drugs.

The Protective Role of Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. against Histamine Release and Action: Insights from In vitro, In vivo Investigations

2024

Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Multielement, and Bioactive Phenolics Contents of Different Coix Seed Varieties using Multivariate Analysis Techniques

Yahya,

Hamid,

Iwansyah

2024

Coix lacryma-jobi L. is a plant that serves as a source of food, medicine, cosmetics, and forage in Asian countries. Due to the distinct geographic environments, Coix seed germplasm resources are extremely diverse. In this study, we evaluated the proximate composition, multi-elemental content by ICP-OES, and phenolic bioactives by UPLC-QTOF/MS of five varieties of Coix seeds from different Asian countries, including China, Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to classify the different varieties of Coix seeds. The C. lacryma-jobi var. ma-yuen seeds from Origin 1 (China) and Origin 2 (Thailand) contained high levels of energy, total fat, and calcium, while C. lacryma-jobi var. agrotis (Indonesia) and C. lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi (Malaysia) had high levels of crude fiber and carbohydrates. Twenty-three phenolic compounds were identified. Protein, carbohydrate, crude fiber, magnesium, zinc, meliadanoside, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside were the dominant variables and contributed the most to data variability in PCA. The HCA results were consistent with the PCA, classifying the samples into three groups: those rich in nutrients, those rich in phenolics, and those with a mixture of nutrients and phenolics. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the nutritional and bioactive composition of Coix seed varieties, with potential applications in nutrition, food science, and pharmaceuticals.

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Total Phenols and Antioxidant Activity of Achillea fragrantissima and A. santolina Grown in Syria

Alkhatib

2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the active components in the essential oils and determine the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of flowers of Achillea fragrantissima and A. santolina collected from Al-Kalamoon (Damascus countryside, Syria). Flower oils were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Three extracts were prepared using distilled water, methanol, and chloroform. Total phenol content and antioxidant activity were determined for the essential oils as well as for the aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts. The results revealed the presence of 20 components in the essential oil of A. fragrantissima. The major compounds identified were beta-thujone (39.63%), santolina alcohol (15.54%), artemisia ketone (15%), and alpha-thujone (10.58%). Sixteen components were identified in the essential oil of A. santolina, with the primary compounds being camphor (49.13%), eucalyptol (17.13%), and terpine-4-ol (8.29%). The essential oil and aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts of A. santolina contained 414.2, 1388.4, 2084.2, and 965.7 mg of TAE/g of dry extract, respectively. In interaction with 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the IC50 values were 105, 120, and 110 µg/L for the aqueous, methanolic, and chloroformic extracts of A. fragrantissima, respectively, and 720 and 320 µg/L for the aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. santolina, respectively. The essential oils of A. fragrantissima and A. santolina, as well as the chloroformic extract of A. santolina, did not show antioxidant activity. The study demonstrated that the aqueous and methanolic extracts of A. fragrantissima exhibit good free radical scavenging activity.