Assessment of Inflammatory and Oxidative Biomarkers in Obesity and Their Associations with Body Mass Index

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory and oxidative biomarkers' levels in obese subjects and their associations with body mass index (BMI), in order to investigate the role of these biomarkers in obesity. Fasting glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, albumin, urinary albumin, creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitrate/nitrite (NOx), and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) were measured in 93 subjects divided according to different BMI. IL-6, urinary albumin, and IMA levels were significantly higher in obese subjects. However, the levels of NOx were significantly lower in this population. Significant correlations between BMI and IL-6 (r = 0.326, P = 0.002), NOx (r = -0.249, P = 0.021), urinary albumin (r = 0.270, P = 0.008), and IMA (r = 0.286, P = 0.005) were reported. We have shown an increase of IL-6, urinary albumin, and IMA combined with lower levels of NOx in obese patients and an association between of these biomarkers with BMI, suggesting a possible interplay of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction state in obesity.

Increasing body condition score is positively associated interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in Labrador retrievers

“…The elevation observed in this study parallels studies in humans, indicating a consistency in the inflammatory response to obesity between humans and dogs, yet the rise is not as robust as observed in human studies (Fried et al, 1998;Bastard et al, 2002;Piva et al, 2013). Some have hypothesized that in absence of acute inflammation, fifteen to thirty percent of circulating IL-6 levels comes from adipose tissue, including the macrophages and stromal cells contained within the tissue (Mohamed-Ali et al, 1997).…”

“…However, in these studies many of the samples were near the lower limit of detection. Based on the changes observed in IL-6 in this study the elevation would be considered minimal compared to human studies (Piva et al, 2013), therefore the population necessary in these previous studies may have been inadequate to find significant elevations in serum IL-6. In fact, considering the trends of elevations due to obesity in humans with typically larger populations our power analysis may have been inadequate to observe differences in some of the cytokines such as IL-2, IL-10 and IL-8, which never reached statistical significance, but might be considered interesting trends that warrant further research with larger populations of dogs.…”

“…The sample size for this study was based on observations from a previous study on human (Piva et al, 2013) and was based on expected changes in IL-6 between obese and lean people with a similar breakdown of body mass index into lean, overweight and obese participants by differences between obese and lean people being approximately 25 pg/mL, with a standard deviation of 30 pg/mL, a power of 80% and alpha level of 0.05. The resulting sample size was 18 dogs required per group for serum analysis, however populations closer to what was utilized in the study by Piva et al (2013) were collected for analysis.…”

“…The resulting sample size was 18 dogs required per group for serum analysis, however populations closer to what was utilized in the study by Piva et al (2013) were collected for analysis.…”

Association of ischemia-modified albumin with oxidative stress status and insulin resistance in obese patients

“…These subjects exhibited IMA production. Another suggestion from the study was that alterations in inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in obese subjects can be indicated by diabetes, which is a dependent predictor, according to an advanced statistical analysis on BMI (33). Regarding these results, it was concluded that the oxidative stress condition must be increased by a comorbidity, as IMA levels cannot increase merely due to obesity.…”