Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): Salmonella infection in poultry with serotypes of animal health relevance (S. Pullorum, S. Gallinarum and S. arizonae)

More, Simon J.; Bøtner, Anette; Butterworth, Andrew; Calistri, Paolo; Depner, Klaus; Edwards, Sandra; Garin‐Bastuji, Bruno; Good, Margaret; Schmidt, Christian Gortázar; Michel, Virginie; Miranda, Miguel Ángel; Nielsen, Søren Saxmose; Raj, Mohan; Sihvonen, Liisa; Spoolder, Hans; Stegeman, Jan Arend; Thulke, Hans‐Hermann; Velarde, Antonio; Willeberg, Preben; Winckler, Christoph; Baldinelli, Francesca; Broglia, Alessandro; Beltrán‐Beck, Beatriz; Kohnle, Lisa; Bicout, Dominique

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4954

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(240 reference statements)

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“…S. Gallinarum infection has been reported in humans, but the clinical cases are sporadic and considered a result of consumption of a high amount of contaminated food, so they are usually resolved without any antibiotic treatment [ 9 , 21 ]. On some poultry farms, antibiotics are still occasionally used to treat S. Gallinarum infections without veterinarians’ approval or supervision, regardless of the national program for the control of salmonellosis [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fowl Typhoid Outbreak on a Commercial Turkey Farm in Croatia

Lozica,

Faraguna,

Artuković

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Fowl typhoid is a septicemic disease caused by Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Gallinarum biovar Gallinarum. It is a host-specific disease primarily affecting chickens and turkeys, although it has been reported in various animal species and sporadically in humans. Here, we present a case of a fowl typhoid outbreak on a turkey poult farm where the source of infection was the hatchery. The birds started showing symptoms of growth retardation at 21 days of age, after which the mortality rates gradually started to increase. Post mortem examination revealed that the main lesions were granulomatous proliferations in the small intestines. The results of the histopathological examination indicate that the severity of the infection was alleviated by the application of phytogenic mixtures and probiotics as a supportive treatment, even though the affected flock was eventually culled at 60 days of age. The farmer was advised to apply more strict biosecurity measures to prevent the spread of the disease on the farm and try to eradicate the pathogen from the barn. Since the outbreak, there have been no recurrent infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the horizontal route through contaminated feed, water, litter, egg eating, cannibalism of the infected birds, farm equipment, wild birds, insects, or rodents, is considered more important for S. bv. Gallinarum [ 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Depending on the route of infection, the symptoms can be observed shortly after hatching [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fowl Typhoid Outbreak on a Commercial Turkey Farm in Croatia

Lozica,

Faraguna,

Artuković

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…There have been a few case reports of human illness (fever and diarrhoea) associated with SP, typically via infected eggs [21]. Experimentally, the infectious oral dose for humans is high, at over 10 9 c.f.u.…”

Section: Clinical Diagnosis Laboratory Confirmation and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[22]. Systemic human infection with SG has been reported, albeit rarely [21]. There is no evidence of interpersonal transmission of SP or SG.…”

Section: Laboratory Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principal host species is chickens ( Gallus gallus ). Clinical outbreaks also occur in turkeys and pheasants, with outbreaks or sporadic cases reported uncommonly in other game birds and some wild species [21]. This includes guinea fowl, quail, sparrows and parrots (FT and PD), also partridges, peafowl, doves and ostriches (FT), plus canaries and bullfinches (PD).…”

Section: Pathogenic Strategies: Host Range Transmission Infection And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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JMM Profile: Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum, biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum

Wales

Lawes

2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Salmonella serovar Gallinarum has two distinct biovars, Pullorum and Gallinarum. They are host-adapted avian pathogens that infect a number of wild and domesticated species but they pose a particular threat to farmed and backyard chickens and turkeys. Both biovars cause invasive and septicaemic disease, often resulting in high mortality. Pullorum is transmitted in eggs and typically affects birds soon after hatch. Gallinarum may cause disease in any age of bird, which often progresses through mature flocks. The establishment of clean breeding stock has resulted in freedom from the pathogens in many countries although even in these territories sporadic incursions still occur.

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