Assessment of nitrogen–fluorine-codoped TiO2 under visible light for degradation of BPA: Implication for field remediation

N and F Codoped TiO2 Thin Films on Stainless Steel for Photoelectrocatalytic Removal of Cyanide Ions in Aqueous Solutions

“…Such localized states are generated above the lower limit of the valence band (type p doping) or below the upper limit of the conduction band (type n doping) and are responsible for the absorption of less energetic light. This allows the activation of TiO 2 under visible light [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] . Figure 4 shows the UV-VIS spectra for the films, which reveal that modifications with the doping agents significantly affected the visible light absorption of the TiO 2 -NF and TiO 2 -TNF samples.…”

“…In this context, doping with non-metallic elements such as N, F, C, S and B [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] has become an attractive alternative because this type of modification results in materials with a low recombination rate, great chemical stability and good response to visible light, relative to metallic doping 3,21 . Recently, it has been suggested that the use of codoped systems such as N and F 13,15,19,20 , N and B 14 , and N and V 16 allow to compensate for the excess charge from substitutional doping with N. Additionally, these codoped materials are effectively used in the charge separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, improving photoelectrocatalytic activity [13][14][15][16]19,20 . In this regard, the combination of N and F appears as an interesting doping approach, since it would not only increase the TiO 2 response due to the presence of N 13,15,19,20 , but also would improve the superficial and crystallinity properties of the material due to modification with F 13,15,19,20 .…”

“…Recently, it has been suggested that the use of codoped systems such as N and F 13,15,19,20 , N and B 14 , and N and V 16 allow to compensate for the excess charge from substitutional doping with N. Additionally, these codoped materials are effectively used in the charge separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, improving photoelectrocatalytic activity [13][14][15][16]19,20 . In this regard, the combination of N and F appears as an interesting doping approach, since it would not only increase the TiO 2 response due to the presence of N 13,15,19,20 , but also would improve the superficial and crystallinity properties of the material due to modification with F 13,15,19,20 . Nonetheless, the mechanisms of action of N and F as doping agents in TiO 2 are strongly dependent on the methods for the synthesis and preparation of the photocatalysts.…”

Reduced Graphene Oxide–P25 Nanocomposites as Efficient Photocatalysts for Degradation of Bisphenol A in Water

“…For instance, fast h + /e − recombination [13]; the large bandgap energy of 3.2 eV can only be excited by ultraviolet light (UV) with a wavelength less than 387 nm [3,6,[14][15][16][17]. In recent years, scientists have advanced many strategies in order to further improve the photocatalytic performance of TiO 2 , such as doping with non-metallic elements, combining with metal ions, depositing noble metals, and creating heterojunctions with other semiconductors [12,[18][19][20][21][22]. More recently, in contrast to other materials, graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and the graphene monolith formed by the stripping of GO, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) used in this experiment received wider attention because of its good mechanical strength, high electron mobility, chemical stability, optical properties, and high surface area [23][24][25][26][27].…”

Directing photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance of TiO2 by using TEA and NH4F as doping precursors

“…Recently, Hamilton et al [22] performed a photoelectrochemical study to elucidate which of the reactive oxygen species formed from e -trapped in surface states under the conduction of TiO 2 are responsible for visible light activity of N-F codoped TiO 2 . Likewise, He et al [27] proposed a similar mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A using N-F codoped TiO 2 . Moreover, by using EPR, Giannakas et al [21] showed that different defects are generated in TiO 2 by simultaneous doping with N and F, while N leads to the generation of Ti 3?…”