Assessment of Pathogenic Variation against Pitch Canker Pathogen, Fusarium circinatum in Pinus thunbergii and Responses of Natural Selection Pinus × rigitaeda to Branch Inoculation in a Seed Orchard

Abstract

A half-sib family of two 4-year-old seedlings of Pinus × rigitaeda was inoculated with each of 20 Pinus thunbergii isolates of Fusarium circinatum (syn. Fusarium subglutinans f. sp. pini) from two pitch canker damaged sites in Jeju Island, South Korea. Initial symptoms of needle damages were visible on most of the seedlings at 18 days after inoculation. The 20 tested isolates were not significantly different in virulence, based on lesion lengths at the site of inoculation (P = 0.217). The most virulent isolate FT-7 showed the longest lesion length. Some seedlings began to die 46 days after inoculation. All seedlings were dead by 68 days after inoculation except two seedlings inoculated with each of isolates FS-2 and FS-13, respectively. Using the FT-7, 38-year-old 11 P. × rigitaeda trees, which were survived from a seed orchard severely damaged by pitch canker, were inoculated on branches in the seed orchard in Jeju Island to assess differences in susceptibility to pitch canker. The 11 trees differed significantly (P < 0.001) in susceptibility to F. circinatum based on average lesion lengths measured 56 days after inoculation. It is possible that induced resistance contributed to their capacity to limit lesion development. The susceptibility of natural selection P. × rigitaeda trees are more likely affected by interaction with F. circinatum rather than environmental conditions.

Culture-independent detection and quantification ofFusarium circinatumin a pine-producing seedling nursery

“…This pathogen has a worldwide distribution including the USA (Hepting and Roth 1953), Haiti (Hepting and Roth 1953), Japan (Muramoto and Dwinell 1990), Korea (Lee et al 2000;Woo et al 2010), Mexico (Britz et al 2001), Chile (Wingfield et al 2002), Spain (Landeras et al 2005), France (EPPO 2006(EPPO , 2010, Italy (Carlucci et al 2007), Uruguay (Alonso and Bettucci 2009), Portugal (Bragança et al 2009) and Colombia (Steenkamp et al 2012). In South Africa, F. circinatum was first discovered in 1990 causing a serious disease of Pinus patula seedlings (Viljoen et al 1994), and has since been recorded in almost all commercial pine seedling nurseries in the country (Wingfield et al 2008).…”

Fusarium circinatum and pitch canker of Pinus in Colombia

“…In the southeastern United States, P. elliottii and P. taeda have been affected most severely (Hepting and Roth 1946), and in California pitch canker has devastated natural and planted stands of P. radiata . The disease also occurs on native Pinus species in Haiti (Hepting and Roth 1953), Japan (Kobayashi and Muramoto 1989), Korea (Woo et al 2010) and Italy (Carlucci et al 2007). In Spain, South Africa, and Korea pitch canker occurs in planted stands of important non-native forestry species (Coutinho et al 2007;Iturritxa et al 2011;Landeras et al 2005;Lee et al 2000;Woo et al 2010).…”

“…The disease also occurs on native Pinus species in Haiti (Hepting and Roth 1953), Japan (Kobayashi and Muramoto 1989), Korea (Woo et al 2010) and Italy (Carlucci et al 2007). In Spain, South Africa, and Korea pitch canker occurs in planted stands of important non-native forestry species (Coutinho et al 2007;Iturritxa et al 2011;Landeras et al 2005;Lee et al 2000;Woo et al 2010). In Spain, South Africa, Chile, Portugal and Uruguay, F. circinatum further also limits seedling production in commercial forestry nurseries (Alonso and Bettucci 2009;Bragança et al 2009;Landeras et al 2005;Wingfield et al 2002aWingfield et al , 2002b.…”

Cancro resinoso del pino: ¿una amenaza potencial para las plantaciones de Pinus radiata en Chile?

“…El nombre de la enfermedad se debe a la abundante resinación que produce el patógeno en el árbol infectado. El patógeno ha sido detectado en USA (Hepting & Roth, 1946), Haití (Hepting & Roth 1953), Japón (Kobayashi & Muramoto 1989), Sudáfrica (Viljoen et al 1994), México (Guerra-Santos 1999), España (Landeras et al 2005), Italia (Carlucci et al 2007), Francia (EPPO 2006), Portugal (Bragança et al 2009), Uruguay (Alonso & Bettucci 2009), Corea del Sur (Woo et al 2010), Colombia (Steenkamp et al 2012) y Brasil (Pfenning et al 2014), afectando a más de 60 especies del género Pinus y Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco (Hodge & Dvorak 2000, Wingfield et al 2008.…”