Assessment of radionuclide distribution and associated radiological hazards for soils and beach sediments of Akwa Ibom Coastline, southern Nigeria

Akpan, Anthony E.; Ebong, Ebong D.; Ekwok, Stephen E.; Eyo, Joseph O.

doi:10.1007/s12517-020-05727-7

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Scientists, international organizations, and laypeople are increasingly agreeing that human exposure to ionizing radiation represents a terrible and unavoidable environmental issue. Public exposure to radiation come from naturally occurring (primordial) and artificial (fall-out) radionuclides, with the majority from natural sources [1][2][3]. Naturally occurring radionuclides such as Uranium-238 ( 238 U), Thorium-232 ( 232 Th), and Potassium-40 ( 40 K) are abundant in the Earth's continental crust [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Hazard from Natural Radioactivity in the Marine Sediment of Jeddah Coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

Al-Mur

Gad

2022

JMSE

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Marine sediment samples were collected along the Jeddah coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, in order to assess radiation hazards and the exposure to human and marine living organisms. Using collaborative techniques, grain size, mineralogical characteristics, and natural radioactivity were investigated. To examine the influence of sediment characteristics over the distribution of the measured radionuclides, resulting data were statistically processed by using multivariate analyses. 238U, 232Th, and 40K levels were specified to be 19.50, 9.38, and 403.31 Bq kg−1, respectively. Radionuclides distributions were affected by sediment mud content, organic matter, and heavy minerals index. The calculated radiation risk parameters are within the safe range and lower than the global average. Natural radiation from these marine sediments is normal and poses no significant radiological risk to the public or marine living organisms. The natural radioactivity of the marine sediment in this Jeddah coastline will have to be monitored on a regular basis to avoid overexposure to the residents.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation Hazard from Natural Radioactivity in the Marine Sediment of Jeddah Coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

Al-Mur

Gad

2022

JMSE

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“…The index combines the various forms of gamma radiation emitted from primordial radionuclides in building materials (soils, rocks, and plants) to determine the indoor radiation dose delivered externally to an individual. The observed H ex values, computed using Equation (11) [35], are shown in Table 1.…”

Section: External Hazard Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Uranium is found in various accessory minerals, including brannerite ((U,Ca,Ce)(Ti,Fe) 2 O 6 ), carnotite (K 2 (UO 2 ) 2 (VO 4 ) 2 •2H 2 O), uranite (H 4 O 2 U), uraninite (UO 2 ), uranophane (Ca(UO 2 ) 2 (Si 2 O 3 •5H 2 O), apatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 (OH,F,Cl)), sphene (or titanite, CaTiOSiO 5 ), pitchblende (U 2 O 5 .UO 3 ) and zircon (ZrSiO 4 ) and so on [8]. Traces of some of these elements have been reported in rocks [9], soils [10,11], and water [12] in parts of the area. Therefore, exposure to ionizing radiation in the area is unavoidable due to the abundance of primordial radionuclides in the environment and even in some consumer products (e.g., tobacco, fuels, and building materials) [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Natural Radionuclide Distribution Pattern and Radiological Risk from Rocks in Precambrian Oban Massif, Southeastern Nigeria

et al. 2022

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A gamma spectrometric analysis of rock samples collected from the Precambrian Oban Massif, southeastern Nigeria, was performed to determine some primordial radioelements’ activity concentrations: U-238, Th-232, and K-40, and their associated radiological hazards. The mean activity of the primordial radionuclides was determined to be 1073.06 ± 0.65, 160.74 ± 1.32, and 250.76 ± 0.91 Bq·kg−1 for 40K, 238U, and 232Th, respectively, showing that they are inhomogeneously distributed, with activity changing with the rock type and location. The activity concentrations are highest in biotite garnet schist, quartz diorite, and biotite gneiss rock domains. The mean values of the radiological hazards are 0.08 Bq·kg−1 (alpha index), 2.15 Bq·kg−1(gamma index), 2.06 Bq·kg−1(internal) and 1.63 Bq·kg−1 (external4.30 Bq·kg−1(representative level index6), 602.23 Bq·kg−1, (radium equivalent), 780 nGy·h−1 (total absorbed dose rate), 270.91 nGy·h−1 (indoor), 509.78 nGy·h−1 (outdoor), 624.99, 1329.07 and 1954.06 mSv·yr−1 (outdoor, indoor and total annual effective dose equivalent, respectively), 6448.40 (cumulative excess lifetime cancer risk) and 248.94–3761.47 Bq·kg−1 (annual gonadal dose equivalent). These results are higher than their various permissible limits (except at Ako Community) and suggest that rocks in the area may be unsuitable for constructing dwelling places. It is strongly advised that basic safety standards and precautionary measures recommended by the European Commission should be strictly adhered to while dealing with these rocks.

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“…Knowing their spread and presence in the soil and rocks can prevent exposure dangers. There are 80,000 cases of cancer in the Euphrates River basin [2,3,4]. These may be linked to the high concentrations of 226 Ra in the surface waters of the Euphrates River and the groundwater extracted from the scattered wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining of radioactivity and the accompanying radiological hazards in the sediments of the Euphrates River and wells in Babylon governorate – Iraq

Hasson

Ali

Al-Kubaisi

2022

ijhs

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The radioactivity and radiological hazards associated with sediment samples collected from 13 locations along the Euphrates River as well as 12 associated irrigation wells were tested using a high-purity germanium system (HPGe). The radioactivity of isotopes 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K (Iso-RTK) in these sites exceed the worldwide limits, which makes them a human health risk. The estimated radiological parameters of the Euphrates and the well sediments exceed the radium equivalent (RE), absorbed dose rate (ADR), annual effective dose external (AEDE), internal - external hazards indices (IEHI), , and gamma index (Iy) . The radioactivity of 238U and 232Th (Iso-UT) are constant along the Euphrates River; 40K (Iso-K) concentrations are elevated after the Hindyia barrage and exceed worldwide limits.

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Assessment of radionuclide distribution and associated radiological hazards for soils and beach sediments of Akwa Ibom Coastline, southern Nigeria

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Radiation Hazard from Natural Radioactivity in the Marine Sediment of Jeddah Coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

Radiation Hazard from Natural Radioactivity in the Marine Sediment of Jeddah Coast, Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

Assessment of Natural Radionuclide Distribution Pattern and Radiological Risk from Rocks in Precambrian Oban Massif, Southeastern Nigeria

Determining of radioactivity and the accompanying radiological hazards in the sediments of the Euphrates River and wells in Babylon governorate – Iraq

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