Assessment of Respiratory Function in Infants and Young Children Wearing Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lubrano, Riccardo; Bloise, Silvia; Testa, Alessia; Marcellino, Alessia; Dilillo, Anna; Mallardo, Saverio; Isoldi, Sara; Martucci, Vanessa; Sanseviero, Maria Teresa; Giudice, Emanuela Del; Malvaso, Concetta; Iorfida, Donatella; Ventriglia, Flavia

doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0414

Cited by 51 publications

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References 47 publications

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“…However, pending new evidences about the duration of immunity, we think that preventive measures, as universal facial masking, should be implemented also in children to limit the spread of infection [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults

et al. 2021

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Since the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 among the population has occurred quite recently, there is a lack of evidence on the long-term duration of antibody response, especially in children. It is therefore crucial to clarify this aspect, considering its implications in the development of successful surveillance strategies, therapies, and vaccinations. The aim of this study was to assess the antibody response in a children group after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to compare it with that of their parents affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We enrolled 12 children and their parents, both groups being affected by COVID-19 in April 2020. In the children’s group, we collected real-time RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and gene characterization of first nasal-throat swab at the time of diagnosis (T0); 30 days after the diagnosis (T30), we performed blood tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG. Finally, 180 days after the diagnosis (T180), we measured anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in both children and parents. In children, antibody levels declined significantly at 180 days (T180) after first measurement (T30). There were no significant differences in IgG level related to age, sex, and clinical manifestations. We found a significant correlation between IgG titers at T30 and Ct value of gene N. Children showed a lower level of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 at T180 compared to their parents.Conclusion: Antibody responses in children waned 180 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and at the same time, their parents showed a different antibody response to the virus. These results highlight that serological tests should be used with caution in surveillance strategies among the general population. What is known:• Currently is not known how long antibody response will be maintained or if it protects from reinfection.• Recent reports in adults suggest that antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 declined several months after infection, but data are missing in pediatric age. What is new:• We showed that antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 wane several months after infection also in children with quantitative differences in antibody levels between children and adults.• In this context, serological tests should be used with caution in surveillance strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults

et al. 2021

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“…However, claims pertaining to decreased oxygen saturation are unfounded. Recent studies assessing medical masks and cloth face coverings in the general adult population have not demonstrated major physiologic changes related to gas exchange [454,455,[556][557][558][559][560][561].…”

Section: Policymaking About Masks and Issues With Compliance And Mandates In The Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 false dichotomies and a comprehensive review of the evidence regarding public health, COVID-19 symptomatology, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mask wearing, and reinfection

et al. 2021

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Scientists across disciplines, policymakers, and journalists have voiced frustration at the unprecedented polarization and misinformation around coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several false dichotomies have been used to polarize debates while oversimplifying complex issues. In this comprehensive narrative review, we deconstruct six common COVID-19 false dichotomies, address the evidence on these topics, identify insights relevant to effective pandemic responses, and highlight knowledge gaps and uncertainties. The topics of this review are: 1) Health and lives vs. economy and livelihoods, 2) Indefinite lockdown vs. unlimited reopening, 3) Symptomatic vs. asymptomatic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, 4) Droplet vs. aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2, 5) Masks for all vs. no masking, and 6) SARS-CoV-2 reinfection vs. no reinfection. We discuss the importance of multidisciplinary integration (health, social, and physical sciences), multilayered approaches to reducing risk (“Emmentaler cheese model”), harm reduction, smart masking, relaxation of interventions, and context-sensitive policymaking for COVID-19 response plans. We also address the challenges in understanding the broad clinical presentation of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. These key issues of science and public health policy have been presented as false dichotomies during the pandemic. However, they are hardly binary, simple, or uniform, and therefore should not be framed as polar extremes. We urge a nuanced understanding of the science and caution against black-or-white messaging, all-or-nothing guidance, and one-size-fits-all approaches. There is a need for meaningful public health communication and science-informed policies that recognize shades of gray, uncertainties, local context, and social determinants of health.

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“…Für Kinder war diese Aussage bisher noch nicht ausreichend belegt. Nun hat eine italienische Studie diese Fragestellung weiter verfolgt [ 2 ]. Insgesamt wurden 47 gesunde Kinder untersucht; diese wurden in eine Gruppe A (Alter ≤ 24 Monate, n = 22) und eine Gruppe B (Alter 24 bis 144 Monate, n = 25) unterteilt.…”

Section: Covid-19: Masken Auch Für Kleinkinder?unclassified

Pädiatrie aktuell – Forschung kurz notiert

Kerbl

2021

Monatsschr Kinderheilkd

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Assessment of Respiratory Function in Infants and Young Children Wearing Face Masks During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: This cohort study examines whether the use of surgical face masks among children was associated with changes in respiratory function or signs of respiratory distress.

Cited by 51 publications

References 47 publications

Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults

Serum IgG levels in children 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and comparison with adults

COVID-19 false dichotomies and a comprehensive review of the evidence regarding public health, COVID-19 symptomatology, SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mask wearing, and reinfection

Pädiatrie aktuell – Forschung kurz notiert

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