Assessment of spatial distribution of contaminants and their levels in soil and water resources of Calabar, Nigeria using geophysical and geological data

Akpan, Anthony E.; Ugbaja, A. N.; Okoyeh, E. I.; George, N. J.

doi:10.1007/s12665-017-7189-1

Cited by 15 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…2.4 Research method Different technologies have been developed and applied in landfills to evaluate possible soil contamination owing to faults in the waterproofing system of its base (Moreira et al, 2018;Shu et al, 2018) or to evaluate the levels of contamination of the soil and groundwater, owing to percolation of the leachate in landfills without waterproofing (Xie et al, 2016;Akpan et al, 2018;Przydatek and Kanownik, 2019). Several tools and methods are needed to conduct each research, in this section the materials, methods and tools used, are briefly described.…”

Section: Advective-diffusion Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of diffusion characteristics of soil bentonite to control contaminant transport

Mahallei

Badv

2021

WJE

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess sand-bentonite liners (SBL) which could be used as hydraulic barriers with a controllable quality, relatively low cost and easy operation in solid waste landfills. Design/methodology/approach These barriers have been used successfully in various applications and have attracted much attention in a short period of time. The only precautionary use of SBLs is related to the change of their hydraulic properties in high alkaline chemical environments. The main reason for this phenomenon is the presence of high ion exchange minerals in bentonite. By exposure to these environments, it is also laid open to degradation of the montmorillonite microstructure leads to change in hydraulic behavior. Three different compounds were used for laboratory-scale SBL, and diffusion was considered as the dominant mechanism of contamination transmission in these liners. Chlorine ion has been used as pollutant, and its diffusion coefficient was determined in the tested SBLs. Findings The sample’s diffusion coefficient for the first experiment containing 3% bentonite and 97% Semnan sand were 2.5 × 10^(−9) (m^2/s) and 2.44 × 10 ^(−9) (m^2/s), respectively. Similarly, for two samples with 6% bentonite and 94% Semnan sand, this parameter was equal to 2.17 × 10 ^(−9) (m^2/s) and 2.22 × 10 ^(−9) (m^2/s) and for two samples with 3% agglacial clay, 12% bentonite and 85% Semnan sand was 5.55 × 10 ^(−10) (m^2/s) and 6.11 × 10 ^(−10) (m^2/s). These values correspond to the range reported in previous studies. Also, it was observed that with comparing the diffusion coefficients of test, it was concluded that with increasing bentonite, the molecular diffusion decreases significantly. Originality/value In this study, three laboratory samples with different percentages of bentonite, clay and sand were considered and the results obtained from the laboratory were compared with the results obtained from numerical modeling.

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Section: Advective-diffusion Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The study of diffusion characteristics of soil bentonite to control contaminant transport

Mahallei

Badv

2021

WJE

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“…The persistent trend of having insignificantly small numbers of comprehensive passages documenting biotic contributions to environmental challenges does not appear to be a healthy approach towards getting the younger population to be properly informed, educated and enlightened about the causes of the present environmental challenges. This is because the overarching goal of recognising and consequently, adopting awareness campaigns globally as a behaviour-change tool for public education and enlightenment (de Vries, 2020) on environmental issues may remain untenable if the younger population is not well informed, enlightened and educated about the contributions of anthropogenic activities as the leading cause of environmental challenges (global warming, deforestation, soil degradation, air pollution, soil and water contamination) (Akpan et al, 2018, de Vries, 2020Ben et al, 2021) that confront the environment assuming that public enlightenment and behavioural change have a direct relationship as expected from the linear or national choice models (Hornsey & Fielding, 2020).This catch-them-young approach may provide the stimuli needed in bridging the knowledge-to-action gap that are essential for general cognitive and behavioural change towards environmental issues by individuals or groups or society at large (Lorenzoni et al, 2007;Nelsonet al, 2018Nelsonet al, , 2020de Vries, 2020).However, concentrating the bulk of the comprehensive passages on social issues at the expense of the biotic contributions, which is at the heart of these In Junior English Project 1, the author projected the social environment before the abiotic. In book 2 there was a little deviation, the author projected the social, neutral and lastly the abiotic environment and Book 3 projected the social environment and then the abiotic environment.…”

Section: Research Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Environmental Contents in Comprehensive Passages in Junior Secondary School English Language Textbooks Used in Cross River State, Nigeria

Florence

Agbor

Onnoghen

et al. 2021

Mediterr. J. Soc. Sci.

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Serious concerns have been raised by many stakeholders in environmental issues including Cross River State Government, educationists, non-governmental organisations and even, the international funding agencies, about the quality and level of environmental information that can be accessed in both print and electronic media. This has become imperative because proper understanding of the origin of the present environmental challenges is the key to minimise the on-going abuses in future. This study was undertaken to investigate the level of environmental awareness issues contained in comprehensive passages present in English Language textbooks used by Junior Secondary School students in Cross River State, Nigeria. The study involves counting and analysing the number of passages dealing with environmental issues in 27 textbooks based on the four types of environments: abiotic, biotic, neutral and social. Two research questions were formulated and used to guide the study. Observed data were analysed using simple percentage technique. Results show that issues concerning the environment were reflected in all the textbooks but sometimes in an undesirable proportion. It was concluded that the practice of emphasising social and abiotic environments issues at the detriment of others do not auger well for proper development and impartation of environmental awareness to students. Received: 28 July 2021 / Accepted: 30 September 2021 / Published: 5 November 2021

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“…For instance, chemical composition analysis of soil from selected oil-producing communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria by Idzi, et al [69], showed Al concentration ranging from 0.08 to 22.97 mg/l with an average value of 6.45 mg/l. Additional studies assess the spatial distribution of contaminants and their levels in soil and water resources of Calabar, Nigeria using geophysical and geological data by Akpan, et al [70], showed that Al ranged from 0 to 0.66 with an average value of 0.36 mg/l. Aluminium is a considerable metal in the earth's crust and is often found in the form of silicates such as feldspar.…”

Section: A Physical Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical reassessment of the Niger Delta Basin, South-south Nigeria

Wali¹,

Dankani²,

Abubakar³

et al. 2021

JEET

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This review presents a detailed analysis of hydrogeological and hydrochemical conditions of the Niger Delta Basin. Hydrogeologically, the specific capacities recorded from different areas within this Basin vary from 6700 lit/hr/m to 13,500 lit/ hr/m. The water table is very close to the ground surface and varies from 0 to 4 meters. Unconfined groundwater aquifers occur in shallow unconfined aquifers, sands of the coastal beach ridges and river point bars, and sandy islands within the mangrove belt. There is a stable water table fluctuation which characterised the high precipitation zone. The shallow aquifers of Benin Formation are more porous than those in the Deltaic areas. In the southern areas, along the coastal zone, an artesian condition occurs. However, the aquifers are less transmissible with increased depth of the confined aquifer, owing to its more delicate texture. Therefore, more compact, and less permeable, or that there is not enough water in storage. More than half of groundwater sources in the Basin are acidic. Based on mean TDS concentration groundwater, fall in an excellent class for drinking. Groundwater classification based on conductivity showed all the reported findings indicate conductivity ranging from 250-750 μS/cm. Based on cation and anion chemistry, the Niger Delta Basin holds water of relatively acceptable drinking quality. However, the uncontrolled groundwater development, land-use changes, pollution from industrial, municipal, and agricultural effluents pose a threat to groundwater quality protection. Thus, a policy guideline is required to protect groundwater from pollution.

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Assessment of spatial distribution of contaminants and their levels in soil and water resources of Calabar, Nigeria using geophysical and geological data

Cited by 15 publications

References 66 publications

The study of diffusion characteristics of soil bentonite to control contaminant transport

The study of diffusion characteristics of soil bentonite to control contaminant transport

Evaluating Environmental Contents in Comprehensive Passages in Junior Secondary School English Language Textbooks Used in Cross River State, Nigeria

Detailed hydrogeological and hydrochemical reassessment of the Niger Delta Basin, South-south Nigeria

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