Assessment of Taste Function

Zhu, Yunmeng; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1007/164_2021_471

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Prior work examining the effects of chorda tympani transections in humans, which can occur in dental and middle ear operations, suggests that considerable loss is needed before taste alterations become noticeable [ 42 , 43 ]. In the absence of rigorous psychophysical testing, a minor quantitative decrease of taste function would likely go unreported by patients [ 44 ]. This suggests that diminished taste function may still occur with homomeric-selective P2X3 antagonists but could be less pronounced than with P2X3 antagonists and therefore may not be noticeable to the patient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in P2X receptor composition in human taste nerves: implications for treatment of chronic cough

High

Jetté

et al. 2023

ERJ Open Res

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Antagonists to the P2X purinergic receptors on airway sensory nerves relieve refractory and unexplained chronic cough but can evoke unwanted dysgeusias because the gustatory nerves innervating taste buds express this same family of receptors. The subunit composition of the P2X receptors in these systems may, however, differ with implications for pharmacological intervention. In most species, the extrapulmonary airway nerves involved in cough predominantly express P2×3 subunits which form homotrimeric P2X3 receptors. In contrast, most sensory nerves innervating taste buds in mice express both P2X2 and P2X3 subunits, so the majority of receptors in that system are likely P2X2/P2X3 heteromers. Since neural P2X subunit composition can differ across species, we used immunohistochemistry to test whether taste nerves in humans and Rhesus monkeys express both P2X2 and P2X3 as in mice. In taste bud samples of fungiform papillae and larynx from humans and monkeys, all taste bud samples exhibit P2X3+ nerve fibers, but the majority lack substantial P2X2+. Of the 35 human subjects, only four (1 laryngeal, 3 fungiform) showed heavy P2X2 expression in taste nerves; none of the Rhesus samples showed P2X2. These findings suggest that for most humans, unlike mice, taste buds are innervated by nerve fibers predominantly expressing only P2X3 homomeric receptors and not P2X2/P2X3 heteromers. Thus, antagonists specific for P2X3 homomeric receptors might not be spared from affecting taste function in treated patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in P2X receptor composition in human taste nerves: implications for treatment of chronic cough

High

Jetté

et al. 2023

ERJ Open Res

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“…For each of the taste quality, two intensities (high and low) were employed ( Table 1 ). Taste strips were prepared regularly by soaking them in taste solutions for 30 s and drying them at room temperature according to previous works [ 16 , 38 ]. During each trial participants, who were refraining from eating or drinking anything except water for 1 h, were asked to open their mouth and extend their tongue.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Taste Test for Clinical Assessment of Taste and Oral Somatosensory Function—The “Seven-iTT”

Mastinu

Pieniak

Wolf

et al. 2022

Life

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Taste dysfunctions may occur, for example, after viral infection, surgery, medications, or with age. In clinical practice, it is important to assess patients’ taste function with rapidity and reliability. This study aimed to develop a test that assesses human gustatory sensitivity together with somatosensory functions of astringency and spiciness. A total of 154 healthy subjects and 51 patients with chemosensory dysfunction rated their gustatory sensitivity. They underwent a whole-mouth identification test of 12 filter-paper strips impregnated with low and high concentrations of sweet, sour, salty, bitter (sucrose, citric acid, NaCl, quinine), astringency (tannin), and spiciness (capsaicin). The percentage of correct identifications for high-concentrated sweet and sour, and for low-concentrated salty, bitter and spicy was lower in patients as compared with healthy participants. Interestingly, a lower identification in patients for both astringent concentrations was found. Based on the results, we proposed the Seven-iTT to assess chemo/somatosensory function, with a cut-off of 6 out of 7. The test score discriminated patients from healthy controls and showed gender differences among healthy controls. This quantitative test seems to be suitable for routine clinical assessment of gustatory and trigeminal function. It also provides new evidence on the mutual interaction between the two sensory systems.

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“…They allow quantitative assessment of taste function. However, the most significant taste disorders are qualitative 10 . The diagnosis depends on the patient’s judgement; therefore, the test results can potentially be skewed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time–frequency analysis of gustatory event related potentials (gERP) in taste disorders

Mastinu,

Grzeschuchna,

Mignot

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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In taste disorders, the key to a correct diagnosis and an adequate treatment is an objective assessment. Compared to psychophysical tests, EEG-derived gustatory event-related potentials (gERP) could be used as a less biased measure. However, the responses identified using conventional time-domain averaging show a low signal-to-noise ratio. This study included 44 patients with dysgeusia and 59 healthy participants, who underwent a comprehensive clinical examination of gustatory function. gERPs were recorded in response to stimulation with two concentrations of salty solutions, which were applied with a high precision gustometer. Group differences were examined using gERP analyzed in the canonical time domain and with Time–Frequency Analyses (TFA). Dysgeusic patients showed significantly lower scores for gustatory chemical and electrical stimuli. gERPs failed to show significant differences in amplitudes or latencies between groups. However, TFA showed that gustatory activations were characterized by a stronger power in controls than in patients in the low frequencies (0.1–4 Hz), and a higher desynchronization in the alpha-band (8–12 Hz). Hence, gERPs reflect the altered taste sensation in patients with dysgeusia. TFA appears to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio commonly present when using conventional time-domain averaging, and might be of assistance for the diagnosis of dysgeusia.

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Assessment of Taste Function

Cited by 5 publications

References 178 publications

Variability in P2X receptor composition in human taste nerves: implications for treatment of chronic cough

Variability in P2X receptor composition in human taste nerves: implications for treatment of chronic cough

A Simple Taste Test for Clinical Assessment of Taste and Oral Somatosensory Function—The “Seven-iTT”

Time–frequency analysis of gustatory event related potentials (gERP) in taste disorders

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