Assessment of the Salinization Process at the Coastal Area with Hydrogeochemical Tools and Geographical Information Systems (GIS): Selçuk Plain, Izmir, Turkey

Abstract

The salinization process was investigated with hydrogeochemical tools to evaluate the origin of salinity in the Selçuk Plain. Na/Cl and Cl/Br molar ratios of coastal zone that covers an alluvial aquifer, karstic discharges, and a wetland are similar to the local seawater ratio. According to mixing ratios, seawater addition can reach 9-18% in both seasons at the coastal zone especially in karstic springs that are a kind of seawater-freshwater mixing points. A thematic map of the Salinization zone was constructed for the Selçuk Plain using geographical information system tools with different parameters such as major ion ratios, EC values, mixing ratios, and sodium adsorption ratio values. High correlation between Cl and Br, B, Li and Sr explains the salinization process that comes from marine intrusion. The δ 18 O and δD composition of water samples varies between −6.7‰ and −2.9‰; −37‰ and −20‰, respectively. The coastal zone waters are plotted on the mixing line due to the effects of the salinization process in the plain.

Demise of a harbor: a geochemical chronicle from Ephesus

“…Karstic springs are common in the area around the modern Lake Kocag€ oz (Somay et al, 2008;Somay and Gemici, 2009), which today exists on the site of the ancient harbor basin. A seawater component is present in the water from all the lakes, including Lake Kocag€ oz (Somay et al, 2008;Somay and Gemici, 2009). Such a component attests to a contribution from spring waters contaminated by marine intrusions into the karst.…”

“…Seawater should be extremely poor in Pb, while brackish water from the estuary should be Pb-depleted by iron flocculation in the mixing zone. A contribution from the runoff and from karstic springs that discharge from marble-schists and marble-alluvium contacts (Somay et al, 2008;Somay and Gemici, 2009) should also be considered. 2.…”

Measurement of submarine groundwater discharge using diverse methods in Coleroon Estuary, Tamil Nadu, India

“…The use of 3 H, 4 He isotopes have also been utilized in recent SGD studies (Castro, 2004;McCoy et al 2007;Top et al 2001). GIS-based quantification of SGD was done using major ion chemistry, salinity, EC, SAR and mixing ratios (Somay and Gemici 2009;Srinivasamoorthy et al 2011;Gopinath et al 2016b;Prakash et al2017). Basin-scale estimations of fresh SGD using water balance and Darcy law method have been performed in many places (Allen 1976;Muir 1968;Pluhowski and Kantrowitz 1964;Sekulic and Vertacnik 1996;Kroeger et al 2007).…”

Hydrogeochemical assessment of a coastal aquifer using statistical and geospatial techniques: case study of Mombasa North Coast, Kenya

“…The chemistry of groundwater based on hydrochemical data is expedient for giving baseline information on groundwater types, the study of different chemical activities in the aquifer, identification of the aquifer type, as well as the classification of groundwater based on usage (Mondal et al 2011a). The recent studies have integrated the application of geographic information systems (GIS) with multivariate statistical approaches for groundwater studies (Somay and Gemici, 2008;Sheikhy Narany et al 2014). In this study, statistical, graphical and GIS methods were applied in studying the hydrochemistry of the groundwater of the study area.…”