“…To address this issue, an increasing number of studies have been using medical imaging methods to observe UV features, such as power Doppler (PD) and color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI). 3 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 The Doppler imaging modality relies on red blood cells inside blood vessels as the scattering medium. However, because the number of red blood cells in small vessels is extremely limited, a large number of vessels in the urethra are not visible for Doppler imaging.…”