Assisted gestative technologies, or on treating unlike cases alike

Cavaliere, Giulia

doi:10.1136/medethics-2022-108451

Cited by 12 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…53 It is a desirable aspect of justice that judges render accurate and consistent judgment for every individual and arrive at the same conclusion in identical cases. In the context of algorithms, consistency ensures that an algorithm's decisions are similar for similar individuals, regardless of group membership.…”

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confidence: 99%

Algorithmic Individual Fairness and Healthcare: A Scoping Review

Anderson,

Visweswaran

2024

Preprint

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Statistical and artificial intelligence algorithms are increasingly being developed for use in healthcare. These algorithms may reflect biases that magnify disparities in clinical care, and there is a growing need for understanding how algorithmic biases can be mitigated in pursuit of algorithmic fairness. Individual fairness in algorithms constrains algorithms to the notion that "similar individuals should be treated similarly." We conducted a scoping review on algorithmic individual fairness to understand the current state of research in the metrics and methods developed to achieve individual fairness and its applications in healthcare. We searched three databases, PubMed, ACM Digital Library, and IEEE Xplore, for algorithmic individual fairness metrics, algorithmic bias mitigation, and healthcare applications. Our search was restricted to articles published between January 2013 and September 2023. We identified 1,886 articles through database searches and manually identified one article from which we included 30 articles in the review. Data from the selected articles were extracted, and the findings were synthesized. Based on the 30 articles in the review, we identified several themes, including philosophical underpinnings of fairness, individual fairness metrics, mitigation methods for achieving individual fairness, implications of achieving individual fairness on group fairness and vice versa, fairness metrics that combined individual fairness and group fairness, software for measuring and optimizing individual fairness, and applications of individual fairness in healthcare. While there has been significant work on algorithmic individual fairness in recent years, the definition, use, and study of individual fairness remain in their infancy, especially in healthcare. Future research is needed to apply and evaluate individual fairness in healthcare comprehensively.

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confidence: 99%

Algorithmic Individual Fairness and Healthcare: A Scoping Review

Anderson,

Visweswaran

2024

Preprint

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Biotechnology, Gestation, and the Law

Romanis

2024

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Gestation is the process of which each of us are the result. The very nature of human gestation, however, has shifted and will continue to shift as a result of technology. Uterus transplantation, the transplant of a functioning uterus into the body of a person absent a uterus, enables a person who was previously unable to sustain a pregnancy to do so. Gestation as we have known it has been confined to the uterus of a person assigned female at birth. Uterus transplantation makes imaginable pregnancies in bodies that were not assigned female at birth, such as cis men. Thus, it has the capacity to ‘unsex’ pregnancy. Ectogestation, the partial or complete facilitation of gestation in an artificial device (outside the body), more drastically alters the nature of gestation as we know it: by enabling gestation without pregnancy, that is, gestation beyond the body. These novel possibilities raise important conceptual questions. Are pregnancy and gestation the same thing? Who are these technologies for and when? Who are the parents when novel forms of gestation are used? How do these technologies disrupt our notions of reproductive biosex? And are they tools of emancipation? In exploring these and other questions, this book explores the implications of novel technologies enabling gestation.

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Romanis

2024

Biotechnology, Gestation, and the Law

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Assisted gestative technologies, or on treating unlike cases alike

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Algorithmic Individual Fairness and Healthcare: A Scoping Review

Algorithmic Individual Fairness and Healthcare: A Scoping Review

Biotechnology, Gestation, and the Law

Table of Cases

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