Association Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Chinese Non-Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Chen, Xiong; Wu, Wenjun; Wang, Luyin; Shi, Yujuan; Shen, Feixia; Gu, Xin; Jia, Zhijun

doi:10.12659/msm.904755

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Clinical Severe cases associated with pneumonia Inverse correlation for CAP [68,69] Increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 Inverse correlation [70,71] Increased CRP Inverse correlation [72,73] Increased risk of sepsis Inverse correlation [74,75] Risk of ARDS Inverse correlation [76,77] Risk of heart failure Inverse correlation [78,79] Risk of diabetes mellitus Inverse correlation [67,80] Epidemiological Began in December 2019 in China, spread mainly to northern midlatitude countries Low 25(OH)D values in winter [48,81] Males have higher incidence and much higher CFRs than females Smoking reduces 25(OH)D [82] CFR increases with age Chronic disease rates increase with age; vitamin D plays a role in reducing risk of chronic diseases [83] Higher CFR for diabetics Diabetics may have lower 25(OH)D [84] Higher CFR for diabetics Lower 25(OH)D associated with increased risk of incidence [85] Higher CFR for hypertension Lower 25(OH)D may be associated with increased risk of incidence [86] Higher CFR for cardiovascular disease Lower 25(OH)D associated with increased risk of incidence and death [87] Higher CFR for chronic respiratory disease For COPD patients, 25(OH)D inversely correlated with risk, severity, and exacerbation [88] Found at higher rates in regions with elevated air pollution Air pollution associated with lower 25(OH)D concentrations [89] Note: 25-hydroxyvitamin D ((25(OH)D); acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); community-acquired pneumonia (CAP); case-fatality rate (CFR); interleukin 6 (IL-6); chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); C-reactive protein (CRP); vitamin D deficiency (VDD). Table 3 lists some findings for vitamin D supplementation in reducing the clinical effects of COVID-19 infection found from treating other diseases.…”

Section: Characteristics Relation To 25(oh)d Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

et al. 2020

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The world is in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing the risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increasing concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome; and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce the risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D 3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40-60 ng/mL (100-150 nmol/L). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D 3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

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Section: Characteristics Relation To 25(oh)d Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

et al. 2020

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“…Inverse correlation [70], [71] Increased CRP Inverse correlation [72], [73] Increased risk of sepsis Inverse correlation [74], [75] Risk of ARDS Inverse correlation [76], [77] Risk of heart failure Inverse correlation [78], [79] Risk of diabetes mellitus Inverse correlation [80], [67] Epidemiological characteristics Began in December 2019 in China, spread mainly to northern midlatitude countries Low 25(OH)D values in winter [48], [81] Males have higher incidence and much higher CFRs than females Smoking reduces 25(OH)D [82] CFR increases with age Chronic disease rates increase with age; vitamin D plays a role in reducing risk of chronic diseases [83] Higher CFR for diabetics Diabetics may have lower 25(OH)D [84] Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 30 March 2020 doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0235.v2…”

Section: Clinical and Epidemiological Findings Regarding Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence That Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Grant

Lahore

McDonnell

et al. 2020

Preprint

581

595

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The world is in the grips of the COVID-19 pandemic. Public health measures that can reduce the risk of infection and death in addition to quarantines are desperately needed. This article reviews the roles of vitamin D in reducing risk of respiratory tract infections, knowledge about the epidemiology of influenza and COVID-19, and how vitamin D supplementation might be a useful measure to reduce risk. Through several mechanisms, vitamin D can reduce risk of infections. Those mechanisms include inducing cathelicidins and defensins that can lower viral replication rates and reducing concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines that produce the inflammation that injures the lining of the lungs, leading to pneumonia, as well as increase concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Several observational studies and clinical trials reported that vitamin D supplementation reduced risk of influenza, whereas others did not. Evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19 includes that the outbreak occurred in winter, a time when 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations are lowest; that the number of cases in the Southern Hemisphere near the end of summer are low; that vitamin D deficiency has been found to contribute to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and that case-fatality rates increase with age and with chronic disease comorbidity, both of which are associated with lower 25(OH)D concentration. To reduce risk of infection, it is recommended that people at risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 consider taking 10,000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for a few weeks to rapidly raise 25(OH)D concentrations, followed by 5000 IU/d. The goal should be to raise 25(OH)D concentrations above 40–60 ng/ml (100–150 nmol/l). For treatment of people who become infected with COVID-19, higher vitamin D3 doses might be useful. Randomized controlled trials and large population studies should be conducted to evaluate these recommendations.

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“…A further 196 studies lacked sufficient data, 5 were studies of animals, and 1 was excluded because it was not published in English. Therefore, our final analysis included 13 studies (1102 patients with DM and 813 healthy control subjects) that measured EFT in a DM group and a control group [20,21,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Description Of the Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicardial fat tissue in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

et al. 2019

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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Background: Epicardial fat tissue (EFT) is the visceral fat distributed along the coronary arteries between the pericardium and the myocardium. Increases in EFT are closely related to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease. To further understand the link between EFT and DM, we conducted a meta-analysis of the relevant literature. Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases for studies on EFT performed in DM patients and published up to 30 September 2018. We included data on EFT in a DM patient group and a non-DM control group. We then assessed the effect of DM on EFT by meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). All statistical analyses were performed using Stata 12.0 and TSA software. Results: A total of 13 studies (n = 1102 patients) were included in the final analysis. Compared with the control group, DM patients had significantly higher EFT (SMD: 1.23; 95% CI 0.98, 1.48; P = 0.000; TSA-adjusted 95% CI 0.91, 2.13; P < 0.0001). The TSA indicated that the available samples were sufficient and confirmed that firm evidence was reached. According to the regression analysis and subgroup analyses, DM typing, EFT ultrasound measurements, total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were confounding factors that significantly affected our results. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis suggests that the amount of EFT is significantly higher in DM patients than in non-DM patients.

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Association Between 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Chinese Non-Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Evidence That Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths

Epicardial fat tissue in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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