Association between a novel G94A single nucleotide polymorphism in ATP1A1 gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus among Egyptian patients

Abstract

Background: Na + /K + ATPase enzyme is essential for nerve cell membrane integrity, and reduction in its activity, probably due to ATP1A1 gene polymorphisms, is related to diabetic neuropathy progression. Therefore, the goal of the existent study is to evaluate the Na + /K + ATPase activity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) Egyptian patients with or without neuropathy, search for polymorphism(s) in the highly polymorphic region of ATP1A1 gene, exon 2, and study its (their) associations with T2DM with and without neuropathy. Materials and Methods: A total number of 150 individuals were subclassified into healthy controls ( n = 30), T2DM without complications ( n = 60), and T2DM with neuropathy ( n = 60). Results: The biochemical results exhibited a significant reduction in fasting C-Peptide and activity of Na + /K + ATPase in T2DM patients with neuropathy followed by T2DM without complication in comparison with healthy controls. ATP1A1 exon2 was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) then digested by the PstI restriction enzyme, and the obtained data from restriction fragment length polymorphism-PCR and sequencing revealed the existence of a novel synonymous G94A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at nucleotide 27 in exon 2 of ATP1A1 gene (rs1060366). Diabetic groups had only allele A, while the control group had G allele. Interestingly, individuals carrying AA genotype had a significantly lower Na + /K + ATPase, C-peptide, and higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HBA1c %) than those having GG genotype, suggesting a possible association for this SNP, and this developed phenomenon of not only T2DM but also diabetic neuropathy. Conclusion: Thus, allele A of G94A SNP (rs1060366) could be a risk allele for diabetes susceptibility among Egyptian patients.

Metabolic Aspects of Migraine: Association With Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus

“…However, it has been reported that this type of migraine shows comorbidity with various disorders, such as epilepsy, depression, as well as sleep disorders and vascular disorders ( 85 – 88 ), which also represent risk factors for migraine attacks, obesity, and DM. Besides, since there are polymorphisms in the CACNA1A and ATP1A2 genes in both obesity ( 89 , 90 ) and DM ( 91 – 93 ), we can hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms might be a possible link between these disorders. Admittedly, further experiments should be performed using genetic murine models, which also share similarities with some comorbidities associated with migraine (i.e., cardiovascular disorders) ( 94 ) in order to elucidate the possible relationship between genetic polymorphisms, migraine, obesity, and DM.…”

“…Potential mechanisms that may be involved in the relationship between migraine and DM, which are also related with lifestyle habits, are depicted in Figure 2 . As described above, lifestyle habits produce modifications in the activity of the central ( 92 ) and the autonomic nervous systems ( 93 ), which can independently trigger migraine attacks or trigger DM. However, the relationship between these two conditions remains unclear.…”