Association between B‐type natriuretic peptide and within‐visit blood pressure variability

Abstract

Background Blood pressure variability (BPV) has been shown to predict cardiovascular events. Within‐visit BPV is the simplest and easiest measure of BPV, but previous studies have shown conflicts as to whether within‐visit BPV correlates with target organ damage. We aimed to evaluate whether within‐visit BPV correlates with B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in a general population. Hypothesis Within‐visit BPV correlates with BNP in a general population. Methods This was a cross‐sectional study that included 633 individuals, randomly selected, age 45 to 99 years, registered in the primary care program from an urban medium‐sized town. Patients were scheduled for a single‐day visit that consisted of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Three blood pressure (BP) readings, 1 minute apart, were done, and within‐visit BPV was determined as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the 3 BP measures. Our main outcome was to correlate BNP and within‐visit BPV. A multivariable model was estimated using a generalized linear model to evaluate the independent effects of different variables on BNP levels. Results The median age was 57 years. Median BNP was 16 pg/mL, and the median systolic and diastolic BP‐CV were, respectively, 3.9% and 3.5%. There was a weak but positive correlation between BNP and both systolic BP‐CV and diastolic BP‐CV (r = 0.107 and P = 0.007 and r = 0.092 and P = 0.019, respectively). In multiple regression equation, systolic BP, diastolic BP‐CV, body mass index, and estimated glomerular filtration rate were associated with BNP. Conclusions In the present study, there was a positive, albeit weak, correlation between within‐visit BPV and BNP. In addition, diastolic BPV was associated with BNP even after adjustment for multiple confounders.

Blood Pressure Variability and Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: The Relation with Left Atrial Electromechanical Delay – A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

“…The mechanism by which BPV may be associated with atrial EMD in the setting of STEMI is not clearly understood. However, in STEMI patients, increased LAVi, diastolic dysfunction, and left atrial remodeling may be associated with elevated brain natriuretic peptide due to increased wall tension – a finding that may be associated with both atrial fibrillation [22] and BPV [23].…”

Integrating Association Rules with Decision Trees in Object-Relational Databases

“…For example, in a rule such as X➔Y, in the AC, the Y must be a class attribute. Empirical studies [3], [13] showed that AC often builds more accurate classification systems than traditional classification techniques. Moreover, unlike neural networks [20], which produce classification models that are hard to understand or interpret by end-users, the AC generates rules that are easy to understand and manipulate by end-users.…”

“…Many approaches have been adopted in the AC rule discovery [24]- [26], the FP-growth approach [27], and algorithms such as CPAR [16] that uses a greedy strategy presented in FOIL [10]. To conclude, the AC algorithms [3], [15] extends tid lists intersections methods of vertical association rule data layout [28] to solve classification benchmark problems.…”

“…Although CBA seems to be outdated, it is still used in many recent works [3] [29] [30]. The CBA is a classification algorithm based on association rules [12].…”

“…Data mining has four tasks; association, classification, clustering, and regression. In the last few years, classification and association have been used widely by data mining communities [2], [3] which result in a new approach in data mining known as the Associative Classification (AC).…”