2020
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17062134
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Association between Blood Heavy Metal Levels and Predicted 10-Year Risk for A First Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease in the General Korean Population

Abstract: Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a preventable type of disease, thus, specifying factors that increase the occurrence of this type of disease is needed. Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) have been suggested as possible factors influencing the development of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to link blood heavy metal levels (Cd, Pb, Hg) with 10-year ASCVD risk scores. Methods: A population of 993 men and 1431 women who participated in the Korea National H… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…Despite of the inconsistencies in the reported findings, there are a number of mechanisms that may explain the relationship between Cd exposure and increased blood pressure. Both in vivo and in vitro studies provided evidence for Cd’s propensity to (1) adversely affect endothelial function, causing impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and increased vasoconstriction ( Gokalp et al, 2009 ; Yoopan et al, 2008 ), (2) promote plaque inflammation and atherosclerosis, characterized by a dysfunctional interplay between the immune apparatus and lipids ( Choi et al, 2020 ; Fagerberg et al, 2016 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Stoll and Bendszus, 2006 ), (3) increase oxidative stress ( Almenara et al, 2013 ; Donpunha et al, 2011 ; Ferramola et al, 2011 ) and inflammation ( Angeli et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2016 ), (4) modify vascular responses to neurotransmitters ( Angeli et al, 2013 ; Washington et al, 2006 ) and changes in calcium signaling ( Biagioli et al, 2008 ), (5) interfere with the renin-angiotensin system ( Choudhary and Bodakhe, 2016 ), and (6) alter renal function ( Lemaire et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Despite of the inconsistencies in the reported findings, there are a number of mechanisms that may explain the relationship between Cd exposure and increased blood pressure. Both in vivo and in vitro studies provided evidence for Cd’s propensity to (1) adversely affect endothelial function, causing impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and increased vasoconstriction ( Gokalp et al, 2009 ; Yoopan et al, 2008 ), (2) promote plaque inflammation and atherosclerosis, characterized by a dysfunctional interplay between the immune apparatus and lipids ( Choi et al, 2020 ; Fagerberg et al, 2016 ; Lin et al, 2020 ; Stoll and Bendszus, 2006 ), (3) increase oxidative stress ( Almenara et al, 2013 ; Donpunha et al, 2011 ; Ferramola et al, 2011 ) and inflammation ( Angeli et al, 2013 ; Chen et al, 2016 ), (4) modify vascular responses to neurotransmitters ( Angeli et al, 2013 ; Washington et al, 2006 ) and changes in calcium signaling ( Biagioli et al, 2008 ), (5) interfere with the renin-angiotensin system ( Choudhary and Bodakhe, 2016 ), and (6) alter renal function ( Lemaire et al, 2020 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Heavy metal exposures pose a significant threat to human health ( Wang et al, 2020 ), which has been identified as risk factor for cancer and non-cancerous disease (e.g., cardiovascular, metabolic disease) ( Choi et al, 2020 , Ledda et al, 2020 , Domingo-Relloso et al, 2019 ). Particularly, some heavy metals (e.g., Ni, Cd) have been classified as Class I carcinogen to humans ( IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), 2011 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the Cd serum levels of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) were significantly higher than those of the control group, which was independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis: a disease common in the specific patient group [ 69 ]. Additionally, Cd exposure was associated with atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) through the strong relationship of Cd blood levels from approximately 2500 individuals with the 10-year ASCVD risk scores, using risk prediction models [ 85 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Elevated concentrations were also found in the serum of CAD patients (8.19 μg L –1 ), which were significantly higher than the respective concentrations of controls’ serum (4.11 μg L –1 ) [ 62 ]. Similar to Cd, Hg blood levels were also linked with the ASCVD risk in the Korean population [ 85 ]. Relatively high concentrations of blood Hg (mean of 102 ± 55.8 μg L –1 ) have been reported for workers in Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) operations in Ghana, where Hg exposure was notably elevated [ 88 ].…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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