Association between bone mineral density and lifestyle factors or vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism in adult male workers: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objectives The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between bone mineral density (BMD) and lifestyle factors, as well as the influence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism, in adult male workers. Methods The subjects were 524 male employees aged 23-49 years (37.3 ± 5.4 years, mean ± standard deviation) working at a large-scale integrated manufacturing facility in Japan. BMD was measured at the nondominant radius by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Lifestyle information was obtained by a questionnaire at the same time, and genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral leukocytes.Results The genotype frequencies of VDR gene polymorphism detected by Taq I digestion were 81.3%, 17.9%, and 0.8% for TT, Tt, and tt, respectively. BMD was 0.56 ± 0.06 g/cm 2 . Analysis of covariance with adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI) revealed that subjects who had a past history of exercise, current exercise from 3 to 7 days a week or daily alcohol intake showed significantly higher BMD than subjects without these features (0.56 ± 0.06 versus 0.54 ± 0.06, 0.58 ± 0.06 versus 0.55 ± 0.06, and 0.57 ± 0.06 versus 0.55 ± 0.06, respectively) (P \ 0.05). Subjects who ate only 2 meals a day or smoked C21 cigarettes a day showed significantly lower BMD if they had the Tt or tt genotype than if they had the TT genotype (0.51 ± 0.04 versus 0.56 ± 0.06 and 0.51 ± 0.05 versus 0.57 ± 0.06, respectively) (P \ 0.05).Conclusions These findings suggest that the influence of lifestyle on BMD differs according to VDR gene polymorphism in adult male workers.

Relation of Bone Mass to Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphism and Lifestyle Factors in Japanese Female College Students

“…100-150) 17,38) . By contrast, most studies, including the present study, refuting the correlation between VDR polymorphisms and bone mass (OSI) have involved a relatively large number of subjects (>300) 19,20) . To yield more accurate results in the future research, conducting larger-scale studies involving more subjects will be essential.…”

“…While some reports suggest association between VDR polymorphisms and bone mass (OSI) 17,18) , other argue against any correlation 19,20) . With varying results being obtained from Japanese subjects, further investigation will be necessary 17,20) .…”

“…Among the genes that may be associated with the development of osteoporosis, polymorphism of the vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene has been most widely studied 16) . While some studies have indicated a correlation between VDR gene polymorphisms and bone mass (osteo sono-assessment index: OSI) 17,18) , others have ar-gued against any correlation 19,20) . One problem inherent in these studies is that they tend to focus solely on gene polymorphisms while disregarding the impact of lifestyle habits, such as the intake of nutrients and impact of exercise.…”

A1330V polymorphism of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 gene and bone mineral density in Japanese male workers

“…Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Lifestyle information, such as past history of exercise, current exercise, smoking status, and alcohol intake, was obtained with a self-reporting questionnaire [17]. Each lifestyle factor was divided into 2 categories as follows: past history of exercise (regular exercise until the age of 20 years): no versus yes; current exercise: B2 days/week versus C3 days/week; smoking status: no versus yes; and alcohol intake: no versus yes.…”

Association between Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 2 Gene Polymorphisms and Bone Mineral Density Variation in Chinese Population

“…The heritability of bone mineral density (BMD) is 50–80% [1] . In numerous studies on the genetic mechanisms of osteoporosis, associations between genes involved in vitamin D metabolism and the variation of BMD have been extensively reported [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] . According to genome-wide association studies (GWAS) from the past two years, the highlighted candidate disease-causing genes of osteoporosis, a member of the Wnt signaling pathway, binds to a membrane receptor complex comprising a frizzled (FZD) G-protein-coupled receptor and a low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) [6] .…”