Association between cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) 2 polymorphisms and schizophrenia susceptibility and symptoms in the Han Chinese population

Abstract

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) is a complex polygenic psychiatric disorder caused in part by abnormal dopamine levels. Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) 2 is known to protect and repair the dopaminergic system. Dopamine dysfunction is one of the pathogenesis of SZ. However, the relationship between CDNF2 and SZ has not been previously investigated. We speculated that CDNF2 may be a susceptibility factor for SZ.MethodsTo address this issue, we carried out a study to investigate the association between CDNF2 and SZ in the total sample 1371 (670 SZ patients and 701 healthy controls) Han Chinese population. Stage 1 included 528 SZ patients and 528 healthy controls; and stage 2 included 142 SZ patients and 173 healthy controls. The allele and genotype frequencies of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2577074, rs2577075, rs2249810, rs6506891, and rs2118343) of CDNF2 were compared between patients and controls.ResultsWe found a significant association in allele and genotype frequencies between the two groups at rs2249810 (χ2 = 4.38 and 6.45, respectively; P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively). An association was also observed in males at rs2249810 (χ2 = 8.76; P = 0.03). Haplotype TGATC differed between SZ and controls in stage 2 samples (χ2 = 6.38; P = 0.01), and rs2118343 genotypes were associated with negative factor scores (F = 4.396; P = 0.01).ConclusionsThese results suggest that rs2249810 and haplotype TGATC of CDNF2 are an SZ susceptibility locus and factor, respectively, and that rs2118343 genotypes are associated with negative symptoms of SZ in the Han Chinese population.

Solute Carrier Family 1 (SLC1A1) Contributes to Susceptibility and Psychopathology Symptoms of Schizophrenia in the Han Chinese Population

“…As in our previous studies ( 3 , 12 ), family history (FH) was used to explore genetic susceptibility. Inclusion and exclusion criteria of SZ patients and healthy controls were in line with our previous studies ( 12 , 25 ). Inclusion of SZ: 1) patients with paranoid SZ according to DSM-IV; 2) PANSS ≥ 60; 3) male vs. female = 1:1; 4) Age range from 18 to 55 years old; 5) Han Chinese population.…”

“…SZ is characterized by positive symptoms, negative symptoms, disorganization of thoughts, behaviors, and cognitive deficits. Our previous studies observed the genetic basis for SZ psychopathology symptoms, such as GRIN2B was related to cognition deficit symptoms ( 12 ), and CDNF2 was related to negative symptoms ( 25 ). However, there are few studies regarding the association between SZ psychopathology symptoms and SLC1A1 ( 15 , 19 , 23 ).…”

“…Statistical analyses were in line with and described in our previous studies ( 3 , 12 , 25 ). G*Power software was used to calculate power ( ).…”

“…RelaxGene Blood DNA System (Tiangen Biotech, Beijing, China) was used to extract genomic DNA from white blood cells. The method of genotyping was described in our previous studies that use the Illumina GoldenGate assays on a BeadStation 500G Genotyping System (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) ( 3 , 12 , 25 ).…”

Association of DTNBP1 With Schizophrenia: Findings From Two Independent Samples of Han Chinese Population

“…All of their biological grandparents and parents were of Chinese Han origin. HCs were from the same geographic areas; the inclusion and exclusion criteria of HCs were the same as reported in our previous studies (5,22).…”