Association between cycle threshold (<i>C</i><sub>t</sub>) values and clinical and laboratory data in inpatients with COVID‐19 and asymptomatic health workers

Ramírez-Hinojosa, Juan Pablo; Rodríguez-Sánchez, Yunuen; Romero-Gonzalez, Angel Kaleb; Chavez-Gutierrez, Marisol; Gonzalez-Arenas, Nelly Raquel; Ibarra‐Arce, Aurora; Arroyo‐Escalante, Sara; Zavaleta-Villa, Beatriz; León-Juárez, Moisés; Cruz-Holguin, Victor Javier; Monteros-Pérez, Luz Elena Espinosa de los; Olivo-Dı́az, Angélica; Hernández‐Castro, Rigoberto; Suarez-Roa, Lourdes; Calleros, Héctor Manuel Prado; Sierra-Martinez, Octavio; Ávila, Guillermina; Flisser, Ana; Maravilla, Pablo; Romero‐Valdovinos, Mirza

doi:10.1002/jmv.27170

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This may indicate that the nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 lower C t value directly impacts organ function. Our results are consistent with earlier research that reported the correlation between C t value and markers of inflammation 32,40 . In a study conducted by Zheng et al, similar outcomes were seen.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Indeed, serum ferritin is affected by hepcidin upregulation, which is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 31 . Ferritin is highly relevant because it is a mediator of immune dysregulation; it has been proposed that under extreme hyperferritinemia, Ferritin generates direct immunosuppressive and proinflammatory impacts, contributing to the cytokine storm shown in COVID patients 19 32 . Because hyperferritinemia causes regular cell death (RCD), iron oxides interact with serum coagulation cascade proteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of inflammatory markers, dread diseases and cycle threshold (Ct) Values in COVID-19 progression

Hussein

Fadhil

2023

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The link between the inflammatory marker and SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold (Ct) with disease progression remains undefined, mainly in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this study aimed to identify several inflammatory markers (Ferritin, LDH, and D-dimer), and Ct values to predict outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 Iraqi patients. A case study was performed on 426 patients to guess cutoff values of inflammatory markers that were detected by a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and specific auto-analyzer instrument. Significantly increased levels of inflammatory markers in critical and severe patients compared with mild-moderate (p < 0.001). Compared with aging and disease severity, inflammatory markers and Ct values are significantly related to the aging and severity in critical and severe COVID-19 patients (p < 0.001). Finding the Ct value was negatively associated with Ferritin, LDH, and D-dimer (p < 0.001); moreover, inflammatory markers concentrations and Ct values were significantly higher during the first ten days. The Ct values correlate with some relevant clinical parameters of inflammation. Higher levels of D dimer, S. Ferritin and LDH were associated with older age and the severity of COVID-19. The area under the ROC curve indicates that serum ferritin was the highest and excellent predictor for disease severity. Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; Inflammation; D-dimer; Ferritin; Lactate dehydrogenase; Cycle threshold (Ct).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of inflammatory markers, dread diseases and cycle threshold (Ct) Values in COVID-19 progression

Hussein

Fadhil

2023

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“…In SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients, the association between initial C t value and patient age was not significant. The association between viral load expressed by the C t value and sample type, clinical/laboratory data, and disease severity has been previously reported 30,31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The association between viral load expressed by the C t value and sample type, clinical/laboratory data, and disease severity has been previously reported. 30 , 31 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low prevalence of influenza viruses and predominance of A(H3N2) virus with respect to SARS‐CoV‐2 during the 2021–2022 season in Bulgaria

Korsun

Trifonova

Dobrinov

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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Social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic have significantly impacted the spread of influenza viruses. The objectives of this study were to analyze the pattern of influenza virus circulation with respect to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Bulgaria during the 2021-2022 season and to perform a phylogenetic/molecular analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequences of representative influenza strains. Influenza infection was confirmed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 93 (4.2%) of the 2193 patients with acute respiratory illness tested wherein all detected viruses were subtyped as A (H3N2). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 377 (24.3%) of the 1552 patients tested.Significant differences in the incidence of influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2 were found between individual age groups, outpatients/inpatients, and in the seasonal distribution of cases. Two cases of coinfections were identified. In hospitalized patients, the C t values of influenza viruses at admission were lower in adults aged ≥65 years (indicating higher viral load) than in children aged 0-14 years (p < 0.05). In SARS-CoV-2-positive inpatients, this association was not statistically significant. HA genes of all A(H3N2) viruses analyzed belonged to subclade 3C.2a1b.2a.The sequenced viruses carried 11 substitutions in HA and 5 in NA, in comparison to the vaccine virus A/Cambodia/e0826360/2020, including several substitutions in the HA antigenic sites B and C. This study revealed extensive changes in the typical epidemiology of influenza infection, including a dramatic reduction in the number of cases, diminished genetic diversity of circulating viruses, changes in age, and seasonal distribution of cases.

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“…This was lower than the study by Senok A et al [11] where the sensitivity and specificity was 73.1 % and 97.6 % respectively. Connor et al [15] demonstrated a sensitivity of 85.3 % and Ramirez-Hinojosa et al [19] had a sensitivity of 87.9 %. However, neither reported specificity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the efficacy of tongue swab and saliva as samples for testing COVID-19 infection in symptomatic cases in comparison with nasopharyngeal swab

Jacob,

C.C.,

Mohan

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction. COVID-19 caused by SARS CoV-2 continues to be a major health concern globally. Methods for detection of the disease are necessary for public health efforts to monitor the spread of this disease as well as for detecting the emergence of new variants. Gap statement. Collection of Nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), the gold standard sample for the detection of COVID-19 infection by RT-qPCR is invasive and requires the expertise of a trained medical provider. This highlights the need for validating less invasive samples that can be self-collected without the need for trained medical provider. Aim. To validate saliva and tongue swab as potential samples for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methodology. Adult and paediatric cases who had acute influenza like illness were enrolled in the study. The study involved comparison of Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (NAAT) results for the detection of COVID-19 obtained by using saliva and tongue swab with that of NPS. Result and Conclusion. The sensitivity and specificity of saliva as sample for COVID-19 detection were found to be 71 and 88% respectively whereas those of tongue swab as sample were 78 and 90 %. Further validation was based on the positive and negative predictive values, the likelihood ratio, agreement percentage and the kappa statistic. The findings of the study point towards tongue swab and saliva as suitable alternative samples for the diagnosis of COVID-19 with a slightly higher accuracy and agreement for tongue swab than saliva. However considering the fatality of COVID-19, they are better suited for mass screening of people than for diagnosis.

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Association between cycle threshold (C_t) values and clinical and laboratory data in inpatients with COVID‐19 and asymptomatic health workers

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of inflammatory markers, dread diseases and cycle threshold (Ct) Values in COVID-19 progression

Impact of inflammatory markers, dread diseases and cycle threshold (Ct) Values in COVID-19 progression

Low prevalence of influenza viruses and predominance of A(H3N2) virus with respect to SARS‐CoV‐2 during the 2021–2022 season in Bulgaria

Evaluation of the efficacy of tongue swab and saliva as samples for testing COVID-19 infection in symptomatic cases in comparison with nasopharyngeal swab

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Association between cycle threshold (Ct) values and clinical and laboratory data in inpatients with COVID‐19 and asymptomatic health workers

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Impact of inflammatory markers, dread diseases and cycle threshold (Ct) Values in COVID-19 progression

Impact of inflammatory markers, dread diseases and cycle threshold (Ct) Values in COVID-19 progression

Low prevalence of influenza viruses and predominance of A(H3N2) virus with respect to SARS‐CoV‐2 during the 2021–2022 season in Bulgaria

Evaluation of the efficacy of tongue swab and saliva as samples for testing COVID-19 infection in symptomatic cases in comparison with nasopharyngeal swab

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Association between cycle threshold (C_t) values and clinical and laboratory data in inpatients with COVID‐19 and asymptomatic health workers