Association between depression and liver function biomarkers among US cancer survivors in NHANES 2005–2020

Abstract

Depression frequently comorbidities with cancer, adversely affecting survivors’ quality of life. Liver dysfunction is also prevalent among cancer survivors. However, the association between these two conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between depression and liver function biomarkers in US cancer survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2020. Cancer survivors were screened and depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and 18 liver function biomarkers were included. Survey-weighted generalized linear models with multiple covariables adjusted were employed to examine the associations between depression and liver function biomarkers. A total of 4118 cancer survivors were included, representing a weighted population of 21 501 237. After adjusted with age, gender, race, marital status, education level, family income-to-poverty ratio, and number of cancer types, 8 biomarkers demonstrated positive correlations with depression in cancer survivors, included alanine aminotransferase (ALT, OR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.000 to 1.013), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, 1.006 [1.002, 1.010]), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT, 1.004 [1.001, 1.007]), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 1.004 [1.000, 1.009]), total protein (TP, 1.040 [1.009, 1.072]), globulin (GLB, 1.060 [1.030, 1.091]), total cholesterol (TC) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio (1.162 [1.050, 1.286]), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to HDL-C ratio (1.243 [1.012, 1.526]); while 4 other biomarkers exhibited negative correlations, included HDL-C (0.988 [0.980, 0.997]), total bilirubin (TBi, 0.501 [0.284, 0.883]), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to ALT ratio (0.588 [0.351, 0.986]), albumin (ALB) to GLB ratio (0.384 [0.229, 0.642]). Following sensitivity analysis, 5 biomarkers included LDH, HDL-C, TBi, AST/ALT and LDL-C/HDL-C lost their statistical significance for the association. This study identified certain associations between 7 liver function biomarkers and depression in US cancer survivors. Further research, particularly prospective longitudinal studies, is warranted to elucidate the causal relationships and explore the potential of improving liver function for the management of depression in cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-024-78890-6.