Association Between GCA and Per Se Performance of Parents and  Hybrids for Grain Yield, its Attributing Traits and Late Wilt Disease (Harpophora maydis) Resistance in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Biradar, Mahesh; Gangappa, E.; Ramesh, S.; Sowjanya, P. Roopa; Sunitha, N.; Parveen, Gazala; Sowmya, H.H.; Suma, K.

doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2020.903.293

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This disease, known as maize late wilt disease (LWD), has spread since its discovery (in the 1980s) and is now common in most corn-growing areas in Israel [ 8 ]. A similar scenario is prevalent in other countries, and the areas highly impacted by LWD now include Egypt [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ], India [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], Portugal and Spain [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In some fields and in sensitive plant species, the disease can affect 100% of the plants [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…At the same time, the primary means of reducing deterioration of the disease remains the breeding and cultivation of tolerant corn varieties [ 10 ]. The causes of resistance are unknown, but evidence points to the involvement of genetic factors, changes in the structure of the tissues, physiological differences, and differences in the dates of ripening and flowering as being related to the resistance/tolerance feature of the corn variety to LWD in corn [ 13 , 14 , 17 , 51 , 53 , 62 , 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Today, the main means of dealing with LWD is the cultivation of disease-resistant corn varieties [ 10 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. This strategy is eco-friendly and cost-effective to implement but requires constant efforts to screen and identify new resistant corn hybrids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivars Resistance Assay for Maize Late Wilt Disease

Degani

Yifa²,

Gordani

et al. 2022

Biology

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Magnaporthiopsis maydis late wilt disease (LWD) in corn is considered to be the most severe in Israel and Egypt and poses a significant threat in other countries. Research efforts extending over a period of five decades led to the development of chemical, biological, agrotechnical, physical (solar disinfection) and other means for controlling late wilt disease. Today, some applications can reduce damage even in severe cases. However, cultivating disease-resistant maize varieties is the primary means for reducing the disease’s impact. The current work uses a rapid (six days) laboratory seedling pathogenicity test and a full-season open encloser semi-field conditioned pots assay (101 days) to classify maize varieties according to their LWD resistance. To better evaluate differences between the cultivars, a real-time based molecular assay was applied to track the pathogen’s presence in the plants’ tissues, and visible light aerial imaging was used in parallel. The findings show that in cases of extreme sensitivity or tolerance (for example, in the highly susceptible Megaton cultivar (cv.) or the resistant Hatai cv.), a similarity in the results exists between the different methods. Thus, a reliable estimate of the varieties’ sensitivity can be obtained in a seed assay without the need for a test carried out throughout an entire growing season. At the same time, in most situations of partial or reduced LWD sensitivity/resistance, there is no match between the various tests, and only the entire growing season can provide the most reliable results. Tracking the amount of M. maydis DNA in the plants’ bodies is a precise, sensitive scientific tool of great importance for studying the development of the disease and the factors affecting it. Yet, no complete overlap exists between the fungal DNA amount and symptom severity. Such a correlation exists in high sensitivity or resistance cases but not in intermediate situations. Still, the valuation of the pathogen’s establishment in asymptomatic corn hybrids can indicate the degree of LWD immunity and the chance of susceptibility development.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultivars Resistance Assay for Maize Late Wilt Disease

Degani

Yifa²,

Gordani

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…In the contrary, DAB256 and DAB398 had good per se performance for nearly all root and agronomic traits but both had poor and negative GCA effects for nearly all traits. This can possibly be explained by lack of significant correlations between the GCA and per se performance (Biradar et al, 2020). Significant GCA effects are primarily explained by additive gene effects or additive‐by‐additive gene interactions, which relate to presence of favourable alleles and fixable genetic variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining ability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes for root traits across diverse environments

2022

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Root system architecture is important for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) adaptability to diverse environments. Beans employ complex adaptive root mechanisms for coping with multiple stresses in production environments. Understanding genetic control of root traits is central to improvement of common bean for adaptation to marginal environments. The objectives of this study were to (i) determine combining ability of root and agronomic traits and (ii) estimate the heritability and genetic correlation of root and agronomic traits in common bean. Four bean lines with superior root traits were crossed with four locally adapted varieties in a North Carolina II mating scheme to generate 16 crosses. The 16 F 1 s were selfed and advanced to F 2 generation. Eight parents and their F 2 progenies were evaluated in an alpha-Lattice design with two replications. General and specific combing ability mean squares were significant (p ≤ .05) for all traits measured. General predictability ratios ranged from .47 to .68 across locations suggesting that both additive and non-additive gene action modulate root traits and seed yield. Positive and significant (p ≤ .05) phenotypic and genetic correlations revealed significant association between root traits and yield.Moderate to high heritability estimates of between .43 and .67 were realized. Such estimates point to possible deployment of a successful selection programme. Genotype AFR398 displayed significant positive GCA effects among its crosses for both root and agronomic traits hence a potential candidate genotype for inclusion in a bean genetic improvement programme for marginal environments.

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“…Attempts have been made in the past to eradicate the M. maydis pathogen by chemical and biological means. The primary measure applied against the disease causal agent in Israel, Egypt, Spain, and India is resistant maize genotypes [ 16 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Genetic options are considered the most eco-friendly and economical for reducing grain yield losses [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma Biological Control to Protect Sensitive Maize Hybrids against Late Wilt Disease in the Field

Degani

Dor

2021

JoF

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Late wilt, a disease severely affecting maize fields throughout Israel, is characterized by the relatively rapid wilting of maize plants from the tasseling stage to maturity. The disease is caused by the fungus Magnaporthiopsis maydis, a soil and seed-borne pathogen. The pathogen is controlled traditionally through the use of maize cultivars having reduced sensitivity to the disease. Nevertheless, such cultivars may lose their immunity after several years of intensive growth due to the presence of high virulent isolates of M. maydis. Alternative effective and economical chemical treatment to the disease was recently established but is dependent on the use of a dripline assigned for two adjacent rows and exposes the risk of fungicide resistance. In the current work, eight marine and soil isolates of Trichoderma spp., known for high mycoparasitic potential, were tested as biocontrol agents against M. maydis. An in vitro confront plate assay revealed strong antagonistic activity against the pathogen of two T. longibrachiatum isolates and of T. asperelloides. These species produce soluble metabolites that can inhibit or kill the maize pathogen in submerged and solid media culture growth assays. In greenhouse experiments accompanied by real-time PCR tracking of the pathogen, the Trichoderma species or their metabolites managed to improve the seedlings’ wet biomass and reduced the pathogen DNA in the maize roots. A follow-up experiment carried out through a whole growth session, under field conditions, provided important support to the Trichoderma species’ beneficial impact. The direct addition of T. longibrachiatum and even more T. asperelloides to the seeds, with the sowing, resulted in a yield improvement, a significant increase in the growth parameters and crops, to the degree of noninfected plants. These bioprotective treatments also restricted the pathogen DNA in the host tissues (up to 98%) and prevented the disease symptoms. The results encourage more in-depth research to uncover such biological agents’ potential and the methods to implement them in commercial fields. If adequately developed into final products and combined with other control methods, the biological control could play an important role in maize crop protection against Late wilt.

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Association Between GCA and Per Se Performance of Parents and Hybrids for Grain Yield, its Attributing Traits and Late Wilt Disease (Harpophora maydis) Resistance in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Cultivars Resistance Assay for Maize Late Wilt Disease

Cultivars Resistance Assay for Maize Late Wilt Disease

Combining ability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes for root traits across diverse environments

Trichoderma Biological Control to Protect Sensitive Maize Hybrids against Late Wilt Disease in the Field

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