Association Between Genetic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and the Probability of Living in Urban Settings

Maxwell, Jessye; Coleman, Jonathan; Breen, Gerome; Vassos, Evangelos

doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.2983

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 58 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…with urbanicity (Vassos et al, 2012). These findings were replicated recently in the United Kingdom (Maxwell et al, 2021). Of note, this last study considered also other PRS (for depression, bipolar disorder, etc.)…”

Section: Association Between Environmental and Genetic Factorssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…In addition to increasing the risk for psychosis by GxE interactions, the PRS-SZ has also been associated with a greater risk of exposure to environmental risk factors for psychosis (Pingault et al, 2018). For instance, several studies have reported associations between the PRS-SZ and cannabis use (Gage et al, 2017;Pasman et al, 2018) or between the PRS-SZ and urbanicity (Colodro-Conde et al, 2018;Paksarian et al, 2018;Maxwell et al, 2021) or the level of neighbourhood deprivation and social fragmentation at birth (Solmi et al, 2020), challenging the traditional gene v. environment dichotomy. However, these observations could not explain the strength of the associations between cannabis use or urbanicity and the risk of psychotic disorders (Vassos et al, 2012;Di Forti et al, 2019a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

Pignon

Peyre

Ayrolles³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gene x environment (GxE) interactions have not been reliably established regarding etiology of psychotic disorders, while genes-environment (G-E) associations have been displayed. We studied the role of GxE interaction between psychosocial stressors (childhood trauma, stressful life-events, self-reported discrimination experiences and low social capital) and the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ) on subclinical psychosis in a population-based sample. Data were drawn from the EU-GEI study, in which subjects without psychotic disorders were included in six countries. The sample was restricted to European descendant subjects (N = 706). Subclinical dimensions of psychosis (positive, negative, and depressive) were measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale. For each dimension, the interactions between genes and environment were assessed comparing explained variances of “Genetic” models (solely fitted with PRS-SZ), “Environmental” models (solely fitted with each environmental stressor), “Independent” models (with PRS-SZ and each environmental factor), and “Interaction” models (with an interaction term between the PRS-SZ and each environmental factor). There were no direct G-E associations. PRS-SZ was associated with positive dimensions (ß = 0.092, R2 = 7.50%), and most psychosocial stressors were associated with all three subclinical psychotic dimensions (except for low social capital and positive dimension). Concerning the positive dimension, Independent models fitted better than Environmental and Genetic models. No significant GxE interaction was observed for any dimension. This study in healthy individuals suggests that i) the etiological continuum hypothesis could concern particularly the positive dimension of subclinical psychosis, ii) genetic and environmental factors have independent effects on the level of this positive dimension, iii) and that interactions between genetic and individual environmental factors could not be identified in this sample.

show abstract

Section: Association Between Environmental and Genetic Factorssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

Pignon

Peyre

Ayrolles³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…with urbanicity (Vassos et al ., 2012 ). These findings were replicated recently in the United Kingdom (Maxwell et al ., 2021 ). Of note, this last study considered also other PRS (for depression, bipolar disorder, etc.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to increasing the risk for psychosis by GxE interactions, the PRS-SZ has also been associated with a greater risk of exposure to environmental risk factors for psychosis (Pingault et al ., 2018 ). For instance, several studies have reported associations between the PRS-SZ and cannabis use (Gage et al ., 2017 ; Pasman et al ., 2018 ) or between the PRS-SZ and urbanicity (Colodro-Conde et al ., 2018 ; Paksarian et al ., 2018 ; Maxwell et al ., 2021 ) or the level of neighbourhood deprivation and social fragmentation at birth (Solmi et al ., 2020 ), challenging the traditional gene v. environment dichotomy. However, these observations could not explain the strength of the associations between cannabis use or urbanicity and the risk of psychotic disorders (Vassos et al ., 2012 ; Di Forti et al ., 2019 a ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

Pignon

Peyre

Ayrolles

et al. 2022

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims Gene x environment (G×E) interactions, i.e. genetic modulation of the sensitivity to environmental factors and/or environmental control of the gene expression, have not been reliably established regarding aetiology of psychotic disorders. Moreover, recent studies have shown associations between the polygenic risk scores for schizophrenia (PRS-SZ) and some risk factors of psychotic disorders, challenging the traditional gene v. environment dichotomy. In the present article, we studied the role of GxE interaction between psychosocial stressors (childhood trauma, stressful life-events, self-reported discrimination experiences and low social capital) and the PRS-SZ on subclinical psychosis in a population-based sample. Methods Data were drawn from the EUropean network of national schizophrenia networks studying Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study, in which subjects without psychotic disorders were included in six countries. The sample was restricted to European descendant subjects (n = 706). Subclinical dimensions of psychosis (positive, negative, and depressive) were measured by the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE) scale. Associations between the PRS-SZ and the psychosocial stressors were tested. For each dimension, the interactions between genes and environment were assessed using linear models and comparing explained variances of ‘Genetic’ models (solely fitted with PRS-SZ), ‘Environmental’ models (solely fitted with each environmental stressor), ‘Independent’ models (with PRS-SZ and each environmental factor), and ‘Interaction’ models (Independent models plus an interaction term between the PRS-SZ and each environmental factor). Likelihood ration tests (LRT) compared the fit of the different models. Results There were no genes-environment associations. PRS-SZ was associated with positive dimensions (β = 0.092, R2 = 7.50%), and most psychosocial stressors were associated with all three subclinical psychotic dimensions (except social capital and positive dimension). Concerning the positive dimension, Independent models fitted better than Environmental and Genetic models. No significant GxE interaction was observed for any dimension. Conclusions This study in subjects without psychotic disorders suggests that (i) the aetiological continuum hypothesis could concern particularly the positive dimension of subclinical psychosis, (ii) genetic and environmental factors have independent effects on the level of this positive dimension, (iii) and that interactions between genetic and individual environmental factors could not be identified in this sample.

show abstract

“…Genetic and environmental factors interact together with the patient’s individual life events that might result in the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms and potentially culminate in a psychiatric disorder. A recent investigation in a large biobank cohort of 385,793 participants in the United Kingdom showed that a subject’s primary residence can be determined by their genetic risk of psychiatric disease ( 1 ). Their study indicates that a subject’s genes are influenced by their environment, which in turn determine an individual’s risk for psychiatric disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

City Environment and Occurrence of Neural Autoantibodies in Psychiatric Patients

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCity living might lead to a higher risk of psychiatric disease, but to date there is no evidence of any correlation between an urban environment and the occurrence of neural autoantibodies in psychiatric disease. Our aim is to identify whether the number of patients with and without neural autoantibodies living in diverse rural and urban environments differ.MethodsWe enrolled retrospectively a cohort of 167 psychiatric patients via a cross-sectional design from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Medical Center Göttingen and determined serum and/or CSF neural autoantibodies in them. The patients live in the German states of Lower Saxony, Thuringia, and Hessen. Their data were investigated in conjunction with the location of their primary residence. We categorized them into five different categories depending upon their primary residence: one rural and four different urban environments depending on their population numbers.ResultsWe identified 36 psychiatric patients with neural autoantibodies, and 131 psychiatric patients with none. In total, 24 psychiatric patients with neural autoantibodies were classified as sharing a possible, probable, or definitive autoimmune origin according to our recently set criteria. We observed as a non-significant trend that more psychiatric patients with neural autoantibodies and a probable or definitive autoimmune origin (45.8%) live in a major city with over 100,000 inhabitants than do psychiatric patients presenting no evidence of autoantibodies (26.4%). However, we identified no relevant differences between (1) psychiatric patients with and without neural autoantibodies or between (2) psychiatric patients with a possible, probable, or definitive autoimmune origin and those without such autoantibodies in relation to the diverse rural and urban environmental settings.ConclusionThe inherently different aspects of rural and urban environments do not appear to be relevant in determining the frequency of neural autoantibodies in psychiatric patients in Lower Saxony, Thuringia, and Hessen in Germany. Furthermore, large-scale studies involving other states across Germany should be conducted to exclude any regional differences and to examine the tendency of a higher frequency in large cities of autoimmune-mediated psychiatric syndromes.

show abstract

Association Between Genetic Risk for Psychiatric Disorders and the Probability of Living in Urban Settings

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

Genetic and psychosocial stressors have independent effects on the level of subclinical psychosis: findings from the multinational EU-GEI study

City Environment and Occurrence of Neural Autoantibodies in Psychiatric Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About