Association between ghrelin levels and BMD: a cross sectional trial

Nouh, Olfat; elfattah, Manal Mohsen Abd; Hassouna, Amira

doi:10.3109/09513590.2011.593663

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In a study on 57 females, the level of ghrelin was lower in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women compared to pre-menopausal group, and ghrelin seemed to be positively correlated with bone density [34]. However, another study did not reveal any difference between ghrelin levels of pre- and post-menopausal women [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial association of serum ghrelin and peptide YY with bone mineral density in the Newfoundland population

et al. 2013

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BackgroundGhrelin and peptide YY (PYY) are appetite regulating hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal tract (gut). Aside from their known effect on energy homeostasis, accumulating data indicates that these gut hormones also affect bone metabolism. However, data regarding the influence of ghrelin and PYY on bone density in humans is very limited, and the results are inconclusive. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the potential association between circulating ghrelin and PYY with bone density indices in the general population.MethodsA total of 2257 adult subjects from the CODING (Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics) study participated in this investigation. Acylated ghrelin and total PYY were measured in serum after a 12-hour fasting, with the Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were employed to analyze the association between serum ghrelin and PYY with bone mineral density parameters.ResultsSignificant positive associations of ghrelin concentration with L2-L4 BMD, L2-L4 Z-score, femoral neck BMD, femoral neck Z-score, total hip BMD, and total hip Z-score were found in women. No significant correlations between ghrelin and bone density indices were present in men. After dividing the female group into pre-menopausal and post-menopausal, ghrelin was positively correlated with femoral neck Z-score, and total hip Z-score in pre-menopausal women and L2-L4 BMD, and Z-score in post-menopausal group. Moreover, no significant association was discovered between serum PYY and bone density at any site.ConclusionOur results suggest a beneficial association of circulating ghrelin concentration with bone density in women at the population level. This association is independent of major confounding factors including BMI, physical activity, age, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Effect of menopause on this association seemed to be site specific. However, PYY does not seem to be associated with bone density parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial association of serum ghrelin and peptide YY with bone mineral density in the Newfoundland population

et al. 2013

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“…Per os ghrelin administration induces new bone formation and stimulates intramembranous bone repair of calvarial bone defects in rats [384]. In human, blood ghrelin level was positively correlated with bone mineral density in perimenopausal, postmenopausal, and premenopausal women, while it was significantly decreased in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women as compared to premenopausal women [385]. In elderly women, but not in men, ghrelin levels were associated with trabecular bone mass density but not with total or cortical bone mass density [386].…”

Section: Physiological Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Physiological Actions of Ghrelin

2013

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Ghrelin is a gastric peptide hormone, discovered as being the endogenous ligand of growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Ghrelin is a 28 amino acid peptide presenting a unique n-octanoylation modification on its serine in position 3, catalyzed by ghrelin O-acyl transferase. Ghrelin is mainly produced by a subset of stomach cells and also by the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and other tissues. Transcriptional, translational, and posttranslational processes generate ghrelin and ghrelin-related peptides. Homo- and heterodimers of growth hormone secretagogue receptor, and as yet unidentified receptors, are assumed to mediate the biological effects of acyl ghrelin and desacyl ghrelin, respectively. Ghrelin exerts wide physiological actions throughout the body, including growth hormone secretion, appetite and food intake, gastric secretion and gastrointestinal motility, glucose homeostasis, cardiovascular functions, anti-inflammatory functions, reproductive functions, and bone formation. This review focuses on presenting the current understanding of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor biology, as well as the main physiological effects of ghrelin.

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“…In one study, there was no significant association between ghrelin and BMD [172]. Conversely, another study of pre-, peri-and post-menopausal women found a significant positive correlation between ghrelin, oestradiol and BMD at the spine, hip and radius in all subjects [173]. Overnight ghrelin secretion has been found to be positively and significantly related to BMD in healthy adolescent women [174], but no consistent relationship was seen between fasting ghrelin levels and BMD in older men and women [175].…”

Section: Ghrelinmentioning

confidence: 90%

Bariatric Surgery and Bone Loss: Do We Need to Be Concerned?

Brzozowska

Sainsbury

Eisman

et al. 2014

Clinic Rev Bone Miner Metab

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Despite significant improvement in weight and comorbid conditions, there is growing evidence that bariatric surgery may exert a negative effect on the skeleton. This review has focused on the impact of bariatric surgery on bone health, with the concern that bariatric surgery may increase skeletal fragility and fracture risk by accelerating bone loss. We have highlighted studies evaluating changes in bone metabolism after three commonly performed bariatric procedures including laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery and increasingly popular sleeve gastrectomy. This review has also discussed some of the technical issues faced in measuring bone in obese populations and during dynamic weight loss. There is limited evidence regarding potential mechanisms for the reported observations of increased bone turnover and/or bone loss after bariatric surgery. We have reviewed the evidence surrounding potential factors affecting bone health in bariatric patients such as rapid weight loss per se, nutritional deficiencies, effects of fat-derived adipokines and gut-derived appetite-regulatory hormones. Future prospective long-term cohort studies are needed to define how to quantify bone loss in individuals with obesity, particularly following massive weight loss, and for how long the bone changes continue. These studies will help clarify any negative clinical consequences of these changes, including future fracture risk in this unique group of patients. IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity worldwide has increased significantly in recent decades because of a complex range of environmental and possibly also epigenetic factors. Obesity is associated with increased mortality [1] with reduced life expectancy, especially amongst people affected from young adulthood [2], as well as multiple comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, sleep apnoea, malignancy and decreased quality of life [3].The medical management of obesity is limited by the variable, limited response to treatment, suboptimal compliance and adverse effects of antiobesity medications. At present, the only effective, long-term treatment for obesity remains bariatric surgery, which results in substantial and sustained weight loss, significant reductions in comorbid conditions, and prolonged longevity [4]. In fact, the utilization of bariatric surgery as a therapeutic approach to morbid obesity has increased two and a half-fold worldwide between 2003 and 2011 [5].Although many studies have demonstrated the short-and long-term efficacy of bariatric surgery for weight loss, there are limited data regarding any long-term side effects of these procedures. Recently, there has been an increased focus on the impact of bariatric surgery on bone metabolism, with the concern that bariatric surgery may increase skeletal fragility and fracture risk by accelerating bone loss.The majority of research performed in this area has been cross-sectional and provides little evidence as to the possible mechanisms for any observed abnormal...

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Association between ghrelin levels and BMD: a cross sectional trial

Abstract: It may be assumed that ghrelin can affect BMD. Whether ghrelin and estrogen work independent or through convergent mechanisms needs further studies.

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Beneficial association of serum ghrelin and peptide YY with bone mineral density in the Newfoundland population

Beneficial association of serum ghrelin and peptide YY with bone mineral density in the Newfoundland population

Structure and Physiological Actions of Ghrelin

Bariatric Surgery and Bone Loss: Do We Need to Be Concerned?

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