Association Between Globulin and Diabetic Nephropathy in Type2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

BackgroundWith the development of economy, the living standard of people all over the world has been greatly improved, and the incidence of diabetes is also increasing. Many people with diabetes also develop other complications that reduce their quality of life. Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of type2 diabetes. Understanding the related factors of diabetic nephropathy is greatly significant to control the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and improve patient’s life quality.Data and MethodsData were collected from 2009 to 2018 in NHANES. Curve fitting graph was performed to investigate the association between globulin (GLB) and diabetic nephropathy(DN). Four logistic regression models were conducted to control the potential confounding factors. Subgroup analysis was carried out to assess the stability of results.ResultsGLB was positively correlated with the occurrence of DN after controlling for potential confounders. Higher GLB was associated with an increased risk of diabetic nephropathy [odds ratio(OR), 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.13, P < 0.001].ConclusionsIn this cross-sectional study, GLB was significant positively correlated with the occurrence of DN in patients with type2 diabetes mellitus.

Prevalence and association of diabetic nephropathy in newly diagnosed Chinese patients with diabetes in the Hebei province: A single-center case-control study

“…The results of the current study are parallel with those of cross-sectional studies. [15,17,23] A cross-sectional study [15] was performed on the Chinese population on the NHANES official website, but inclusion criteria were limited. A cross-sectional study performed on the Egyptian population [17] had a small sample size.…”

“…From 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 was considered a normal BMI, from 25 to 29.9 kg/m 2 was considered overweight, and 30 kg/m 2 or more was considered obese. [15]…”

“…Body mass index From 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m 2 was considered a normal BMI, from 25 to 29.9 kg/m 2 was considered overweight, and 30 kg/m 2 or more was considered obese. [15] 2.9. Health-related behaviors A person who had more than 12 drinks per year was considered a drinker.…”

“…Globulin is a serum protein called immunoglobulin because it is associated with immune functions. [15] The main components of globulin are α 1 , α 2 , β , and γ . Globulin is associated with liver function.…”

Association between triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and prediabetes: a cross-sectional study in Chinese non-obese people with a normal range of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

“…Moreover, the authors adjusted more biochemical parameters in the present study, including ALB, GLB, DBIL, and BUN. Evidence showed that those parameters were associated with Pre-DM [29][30][31][32]. In testing the robustness of the results by a set of sensitivity analyses (target independent variable transformation, subgroup analysis and using a GAM to insert the continuity covariate into the equation as a curve), the stronger positive association was found in female and the population with 30 years < age < 40 years, 18.5 kg/m 2 ≤ BMI < 24 kg/ m 2 , and ALT ≤ 40U/L, which would be the spotlight of attention in clinic.…”