Association Between Interleukin‐8 Concentration in Nasal Secretions and Severity of Symptoms of Experimental Rhinovirus Colds

Turner, Ronald B.; Weingand, Kurt W.; Yeh, Chyon-Hwa; Leedy, Donald W.

doi:10.1086/513922

Cited by 161 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Rhinovirus infection, as well as infection with other respiratory viruses, has been shown to stimulate production of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in nasal secretions of infected individuals and in cultures of primary respiratory epithelial cells or in human repiratory epithelial cell lines (7,8,10,11). IL-8 is thought to be primarily responsible for the neutrophil infiltration that is evident early after natural or experimental rhinovirus infection (7,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-8 is thought to be primarily responsible for the neutrophil infiltration that is evident early after natural or experimental rhinovirus infection (7,11). The objective of this study was to further characterize the chemokine response to rhinovirus infection using the BEAS-2B bronchial epithelial cell culture system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been hypothesized that the symptoms associated with HRV infection are due primarily to the host response to infection rather than to an acute cytotoxic effect. In normal subjects, rhinovirus infection elicits local infiltration of neutrophils and intranasal production of many cytokines/chemokines including IL-8, IL-6, TNF-␣, IFN-␣, RANTES, GM-CSF, and IL-1, which peak during active virus replication (1,7). Rhinoviruses, as well as other respiratory pathogens, have also been shown to stimulate production of IL-6, IL-8, and GM-CSF in cultures of primary respiratory epithelial cells or human epithelial cell lines such as BEAS-2B (8 -11) and to increase ICAM-1 expression (12,13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Griego¹,

Weston²,

Adams³

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

135

119

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The stress-activated protein kinase p38 plays a central role in the regulation of cytokine biosynthesis by various cell types in response to a wide range of stimuli. Because the local inflammatory response and the infiltration of neutrophils is thought to contribute to the symptoms and sequelae of rhinovirus infection, we investigated the role of p38 kinase in cytokine and chemokine elaboration in airway epithelial cells infected with human rhinovirus. Rhinovirus-39 infection of BEAS-2B cells resulted in synthesis of cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, G-CSF, and GM-CSF) and CXC chemokines (IL-8, epithelial neutrophil-activating protein-78, and growth-related oncogene-α), evident 24–72 h postinfection. Rhinovirus infection induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in tyrosine phosphorylation of p38 kinase, which peaked 30 min postinfection and remained elevated for 1 h. Treatment of infected cells with SB 239063, a potent pyridinyl imidazole inhibitor of p38 kinase, resulted in up to 100% inhibition of mediator production and partially reduced levels of IL-8 mRNA as determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Treatment with SB 239063 had no effect on virus replication and was not cytotoxic at concentrations ≤ 70 μM. These studies provide the first evidence that early activation of p38 kinase by rhinovirus infection is a key event in regulation of virus-induced cytokine transcription, and may provide a new target for inhibition of symptoms and airway inflammation associated with rhinovirus infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Griego¹,

Weston²,

Adams³

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

135

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The selective recruitment and activation of neutrophils seems linked to increased concentrations of IL-8, which has been shown to play a causative role in acute inflammation (Harada et al, 1994). Previous studies have also shown a correlation between IL-8 and severity of symptoms of cold, and this particular cytokine was constitutively present in studies of rhinovirus infection (Turner et al, 1998;Gern et al, 2002).…”

Section: List Of Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

An open label, randomized, multicenter, comparative, three arm Phase II clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mixture of five species of Ocimum in subjects with acute common cold

Shelke¹,

Pawar²,

Tripathi³

et al. 2016

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Ba sil and its variou s species are known to ha ve an effect on common cold and possess immunomodulatory properties. This paper describes a clinical trial of a herbal formulation, Panchtulasi drops in acute common cold; the formulation consists of essential oils of five species of ocimum, namely; Ocimum sanctum Linn., Ocimum basilicum Linn., Ocimum gratissimum Linn., Ocimum citriodorum Linn. and Ocimum canum Linn.This was an open label, three arm Phase II study to determine the safety and effica cy of Panchatulasi drops in patients with acute common cold. The primary endpoint was reduction in symptoms of cold and number of days of illness. This was assessed using SF-8 and WURSS21 questionnaires. The secondary endpoint was changes in serum interleukin-8 and neutrophil count. The study duration was 8 days with telephonic follow-up on 10 th day. A total of 60 patients were randomized to treatment, placebo and a control (standard medication) in a radio of 2:1:1.The symptom severity, quality of life and number of days of illness measured by questionnaire was significantly reduced in the treatment arm between baseline and day 4 (p<0.05). The physical component score and overall health score of the SF-8 questionnaire also improved considerably in the treatment arm compared to placebo and control arms between baseline and day 4. However, mental component score did not improve significantly until day 6. Concentration of IL-8 did not show any statistically significant change in any of the study arms due to high variability. Neutrophil count, on the other hand, decreased in the treatment arm (p=0.0153) compared to placebo and control arms where it increased. Panchatulasi drops is an effective herbal remedy for common cold and can be used as an alternative to current treatments. There was a significant reduction in days of illness, severity of symptoms, and improvement in quality of life compared to placebo and control groups.

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“…Rhinovirus infection of the nasal epithelium typically produces congestion and neutrophil infiltration and increased glandular secretions. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 have been found in the nasal secretions of symptomatic humans with experimental rhinovirus colds [103,128,154]. These very cytokines, in addition to TNF-α, are also induced by infection of cultured lung epithelial cells [64,123].…”

Section: Cytokines In Viral Respiratory Diseases Of Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proinflammatory cytokines and viral respiratory disease in pigs

2000

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-Swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are enzootic viruses causing pulmonary infections in pigs. The first part of this review concentrates on known clinical and pathogenetic features of these infections. SIV is a primary respiratory pathogen; PRCV and PRRSV, on the contrary, tend to cause subclinical infections if uncomplicated but they appear to be important contributors to multifactorial respiratory diseases. The exact mechanisms whereby these viruses cause symptoms and pathology, however, remain unresolved. Classical studies of pathogenesis have revealed different lung cell tropisms and replication kinetics for each of these viruses and they suggest the involvement of different lung inflammatory responses or mediators. The proinflammatory cytokines interferon-α (IFN-α), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) have been shown to play key roles in several respiratory disease conditions. The biological effects of these cytokines and their involvement in human viral respiratory disease are discussed in the second part of this review. The third part summarises studies that were recently undertaken in the authors' laboratory to investigate the relationship between respiratory disease in pigs and bioactive lung lavage levels of IFN-α, TNF-α and IL-1 during single and combined infections with the above viruses. In single SIV infections, typical signs of swine "flu" were tightly correlated with an excessive and coordinate production of the 3 cytokines examined. PRCV or PRRSV infections, in contrast, were subclinical and did not induce production of all 3 cytokines. Combined infections with these 2 subclinical respiratory viruses failed to potentiate disease or cytokine production. After combined inoculation with PRCV followed by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, both clinical respiratory disease and TNF-α/IL-1 production were markedly more severe than those associated with the respective single inoculations. Taken together, these data are the first to demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines can be important mediators of viral respiratory diseases in pigs. respiratory coronavirus, PRCV), et le virus du syndrome dysgénésique et respiratoire porcin (porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV) sont des virus enzootiques provoquant des infections pulmonaires chez le porc. Les caractéristiques cliniques et pathogénétiques de ces infections sont données dans la première partie de cette revue. Le SIV est un agent pathogène respiratoire primaire ; les PRCV et PRRSV, en revanche, ne causent que des infections subcliniques en l'absence de complications, mais ils contribuent de manière importante aux maladies respiratoires multifactorielles. Cependant, les mécanismes précis par lesquels ces virus provoquent des symptômes et une pathologie demeurent inconnus. Les études classiques de pathogenèse ont révélé un tropisme pour les cellules pulmonaires et des cinétiques de réplication différents pour...

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Association Between Interleukin‐8 Concentration in Nasal Secretions and Severity of Symptoms of Experimental Rhinovirus Colds

Cited by 161 publications

References 23 publications

Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Role of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Rhinovirus-Induced Cytokine Production by Bronchial Epithelial Cells

An open label, randomized, multicenter, comparative, three arm Phase II clinical study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of mixture of five species of Ocimum in subjects with acute common cold

Proinflammatory cytokines and viral respiratory disease in pigs

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