Association between Lipoprotein (a) Concentration, Glycemic Control and Diabetes Complications in Moroccan Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Objective:The objective of this prospective study was to investigate the relationship of the levels of Lp(a) in Moroccan patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with other metabolic factors related to the severity of T2DM.Material and methods: 231 T2DM patients aged over 18-years-old were analyzed. Fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, liver and renal tests, glycated hemoglobin test (HbA1c), and Lp(a) level were measured. Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics and anthropometric measures were reported by the patient's endocrinologists. Our results were analyzed using SPSS software. Results:The prevalence of Lp(a) > 75 nmol.L −1 was 31.2% with a median of 105.3 nmol.L −1 (IQR 87.4-154). Compared to the group without hyper lipoprotein (a), hyper lipoprotein (a) patients were more likely to be older (median 61 years [IQR 29-83] vs. 58 years [17-85]; P = 0.014), obese or overweight (21% vs. 2%; P < 0.05 ), have a longer duration of diabetes (11 years (6-19.5) vs. 10 (6-15), P = 0.053), and have a higher prevalence of previous myocardial infarction (22.2% vs. 5%; P < 0.001). In contrast, there were no significant differences in sex ratio, nephropathy, retinopathy, lipid profiles, and glycemic control between the two groups (P > 0.05). The higher Lp(a) tertile (T3) had significantly higher BMI, Waist circumference and overall macrovascular complications P < 0.05. There was a weak positive correlation between Lp(a) with total cholesterol concentration (r = 0.137, P = 0.037), and LDL-c (r = 0.17, P < 0.01). Conclusion:we suggest measuring Lp(a) in routine evaluation in T2DM patients.