Association between magnesium depletion score and periodontitis in US adults: results from NHANES 2009–2014

Abstract

Background This study aims to explore the relationship between magnesium depletion score (MDS) and periodontitis in US adults using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014. Methods This cross-sectional study’s outcome was periodontitis, defined by the CDC/AAP using clinical periodontal parameters. The exposure of this study was MDS, which was calculated according to four parameters (diuretic use, proton pump inhibitor use, renal function and alcohol consumption). Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the association between MDS intake and periodontitis. Confounding factors included in the adjusted model were age, sex, race, income, smoking status, dietary magnesium, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, education level, recreational activity, and work activity. Results A total of 8,628 participants over the age 30 were included in our study. Individuals with high level of magnesium deficiency were more likely referred to poorer periodontal health in both crude model (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.54–2.61, p < 0.0001) and fully adjusted model (OR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.77, p = 0.03). Conclusions MDS is positively associated with moderate/severe periodontitis. Further longitudinal studies are needed to understand the impact of MDS on periodontitis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-024-05048-1.