Association between malocclusion and orofacial myofunctional disorders of pre‐school children in Latvia

Abstract

Objects: Abnormal use of muscles of tongue and lips is called orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the interrelation between occlusal findings and OMD in primary and mixed dentition and to find out the reasons for malocclusions, and the effect modification of these associations by the number of sources that parents used to receive the information on child oral health issues (NSI). Setting and sample population: Cross-sectional study was performed in one kindergarten in Latvia (cluster sampling). The study sample comprised 141 children-mothers' pairs of preschool children aged 4-7 years. Materials and methods: Children' myofunctional situation, occlusion and speech defects were assessed during an examination. Children's mothers were interviewed on their socio-demographic situation, feeding and habits of the child, history of diseases and NSI. Multiple logistic regression models adjusted for lip power, swallowing, breathing and speech cases of long respiratory diseases, age and gender were built to investigate associations between the types of occlusion and OMD/health characteristics. Effect modification of these associations by NSI was analysed. Results: Types of occlusion associated with OMD/health characteristics were as follows: normal occlusion with prolonged respiratory diseases (odds ratio, OR = 0.345 [95% confidence interval, CI 0.16; 0.75]); combined type with tongue thrust habits (OR = 3.11 [0.99; 9.90]), lip-closing strength (OR = 0.99 [0.98; 0.99]); and cross-bite with speech (OR = 3.55 [1.07; 11.78]). These associations remained stable when parents used two or less sources of information on children's oral health. Conclusions: To facilitate occlusal stability, early interdisciplinary examinations should be performed to prevent time-consuming and cost-consuming treatment.

Does head and cervical posture correlate to malocclusion? A systematic review and meta-analysis

“…It is well known that muscular balance in craniofacial region plays a critical role in the development of dentofacial complex. Muscular imbalance caused by myofunctional disorders is often regarded as a contributing factor for abnormal position of teeth and jaw bones, such as in case of mouth breathing, incorrect lip seal and infantile swallowing [44][45][46][47][48][49][50]. In the previous epidemiologic observations, many patients with Class II and III malocclusion showed an altered head and neck posture.…”

<p><strong>Tingkat pengetahuan orang tua anak usia dini mengenai kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut sebagai etiologi maloklusi</strong></p><p><strong><em>Knowledge level of preschool children’s parents regarding mouth breathing habits as etiology of malocclusion</em></strong></p>

“…Sebanyak 44,2% anak dengan gangguan saluran pernapasan atas memiliki kebiasaan bernapas melalui mulut menurut Purwanegara et al 29 Hasil penelitian oleh Sano et al juga menyatakan bahwa anak dengan Riwayat asma memiliki kecenderungan yang signifikan untuk bernapas melalui mulut. 30 Priede et al 31 mengungkapkan bahwa gangguan pernapasan yang berlanjut pada anak usia dini dapat mengurangi kemungkinan terbentuknya oklusi normal di kemudian hari.…”

Association between malocclusion, tongue position and speech distortion in mixed-dentition schoolchildren: an epidemiological study

“…7 Previous studies have investigated the impact of different types of malocclusions on myofunctional disorders. 7,8,9 The causal explanation between this problem and speech disorders may be related to the anatomical structure of the oral cavity, but it can also be restricted to the type of language itself. 10 Furthermore, the relationship of malocclusion and tongue position can be explained by the Balance Theory, since teeth in the correct position help in the balance between the forces of the tongue and the labio-buccal muscles.…”

“…Between the main types of speech alterations, distortion (anterior and lateral lisp) is due to musculoskeletal, and for this reason, it is one of the interest in this study. 5 Although there are some studies in previous literature that evaluate the relationship among malocclusions with tongue position and speech distortion, 2,6,7,8,9 epidemiological studies with representative samples during mixed dentition using robust analysis methods are still scarce. 2,6,7,8,9 More studies are required to prove stronger associations between tongue-positioning and speech problems with From the lists of students, 1,559 children between 7 and 13 years old were invited to participate in the study.…”

“…5 Although there are some studies in previous literature that evaluate the relationship among malocclusions with tongue position and speech distortion, 2,6,7,8,9 epidemiological studies with representative samples during mixed dentition using robust analysis methods are still scarce. 2,6,7,8,9 More studies are required to prove stronger associations between tongue-positioning and speech problems with From the lists of students, 1,559 children between 7 and 13 years old were invited to participate in the study. The inclusion criteria were being in the mixed dentition phase with the first erupted upper molars.…”