Association between maternal education and malocclusion in Mongolian adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

ObjectiveMalocclusion is a highly prevalent condition, affecting 20–60% of adolescents worldwide. Although its treatment is often expensive and unaffordable for disadvantaged individuals, few studies have examined the relationship between malocclusion and socioeconomic status. We investigated the prevalence of malocclusion among Mongolian adolescents and its association with maternal education in a community-based sample in Mongolia.DesignCross-sectional study.Settings2 large secondary schools with different backgrounds in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.ParticipantsComplete dental casts of 557 randomly recruited Mongolian schoolchildren aged 11–16 years were evaluated using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need to dichotomise orthodontic treatment requirements. Exclusion criteria were the presence of orthodontic treatment history and absence of maternal educational status. Questionnaires were administered to caregivers to assess socioeconomic status. Poisson regression analysis was performed to examine the association between malocclusion and maternal educational status.ResultsThe prevalence of malocclusion requiring orthodontic treatment among all adolescents was 35.2% (95% CI 31.2 to 39.2). In the unadjusted analysis, the prevalence ratio (PR) for malocclusion was higher (PR=1.46; 95% CI 0.96 to 2.20) among adolescents of mothers with a high educational background than among those of mothers with a low educational background. After adjusting for covariates, the PR remained significantly higher (PR=1.72; 95% CI 1.06 to 2.82) among adolescents of mothers with a high educational background. Other socioeconomic status variables, including family income and the educational level of the father, showed no association with malocclusion.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that malocclusion requiring orthodontic treatment in adolescents is more prevalent among children of mothers with high levels of education. Further studies are needed to clarify the behavioural factors and environmental circumstance that contribute to this.

Impact of Malocclusions on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Early Adolescents in Ndola, Zambia

“…The overall prevalence of malocclusions among the study group was slightly lower than that reported for children in Brazil [ 21 ], Tanzania [ 22 ], India [ 23 ], and Mongolia [ 24 ]. This might probably be due to ethnic differences among the comparative groups.…”

Associations between Malocclusion and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life among Mongolian Adolescents

“…It is considered that age, sex [ 11 ], dental-related issues such as tooth brushing [ 12 ] and dental caries [ 13 ], and markers of socio-economic status, such as family income [ 14 ], are associated with both malocclusion and OHR-QoL. In support of these assertions, previous studies have reported associations between malocclusion and OHR-QoL in several countries, including Brazil [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ], Canada [ 11 ], Saudi Arabia [ 19 ], New Zealand [ 1 ], and Korea [ 9 ].…”

O Impacto Da Maloclusão No Sistema Estomatognático

“…Estas são originadas de fatores genéticos e ambientais [2], sendo consideradas problemas de saúde pública mundial e a terceira prioridade no cuidado bucal. As maloclusões provocam limitações funcionais e interferem no bem estar psicossocial do indivíduo [3], além de promoverem alterações no sistema estomatognático [4,5].…”

“…As maloclusões provocam limitações funcionais e interferem no bem estar psicossocial do indivíduo [3], além de promoverem alterações no sistema estomatognático [4,5]. A fim de se mensurar a necessidade real de um tratamento ortodôntico, priorizando o atendimento dos indivíduos com maior necessidade de intervenção, [2] padronizou-se alguns índices oclusais desenvolvidos com esse objetivo, assim, o Índice de Necessidade de Tratamento Ortodôntico (IOTN) tem sido utilizado em vários países [7,8] e foi o eleito para a classificação das maloclusões nesta pesquisa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a atividade eletromiográfica e a eficiência dos ciclos mastigatórios em habitual e não habitual por meio do sinal eletromiográfico dos músculos masseter, temporal, orbicular e suprahioideo (direito e esquerdo) de crianças saudáveis com maloclusão.…”