Association Between Nutritional Status, Vitamin D and Inflammation on Vascular Calcification in Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the most important complication in CKD patients which contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. Vitamin D is known to have a biphasic effect in terms of arteriocalcication and appears to have a protective role. Inammatory markers such as hsCRP are also known to increase chronic inammatory conditions, namely CKD and have implications for vascular calcication. Malnutrition, especially decreased albumin and body mass index.Patients with CKD were also found to be risk factors for vascular calcication, but the mechanism was unknown. Methods: This study is a cross sectional study using a correlative analytic design, which was conducted at the Haji Adam Malik Hospital (RSHAM). The research subjects were all patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3, 4, and 5 above or equal to 18 years old who had never undergone hemodialysis and were treated at RSHAM either inpatient or outpatient patients. hsCRP, albumin, vitamin D and calcium, phosphorus, and serum LDL levels were examined by taking blood sample from the cubital fossa area. Abdominal aortic calcication was assessed by examination of the lateral abdominal radiograph by a radiologist. Results: From 30 samples, 7 patients had vascular calcication and 23 patients had no vascular calcication. This study found that BMI showed a signicant association with arterial calcication whereas patients with arterial calcication had a lower BMI value (p value < 0.029). None of the other risk factors included in this study showed a signicant outcome for vascular calcication. Conclusion: BMI was signicantly associated with arterial calcication in nondialysis CKD patients in this study. There was no signicant relationship between hsCRP and vitamin D levels with the formation of vascular calcications in non-dialysis CKD patients.