Association between physical activity level and blood pressure: varied and graded mediating effects of obesity indices in schoolchildren

Maruf, Fatai Adesina; Odetunde, Marufat Oluyemisi; Okonkwo, Prosper U.

doi:10.1017/s1047951119003172

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…27 This problem, which has also an accelerated rate in childhood, can be transferred into adulthood and cause many health complications. Therefore, clinicians should focus on determining the predisposing factors to primary HT and aim to eliminate them as early as possible to prevent or reduce future health complications.. 28 Declared as a pandemic in March 2020 and a national emergency in Turkey in the same period, COVID-19 has caused significant changes in people's lifestyles. Because of COVID-19 restrictions, the access of children to the recommended physical activity levels may have been hindered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of COVID‐19 restriction on metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension

Leventoğlu

Şişik

Çelik

et al. 2022

Pediatrics International

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Background Primary hypertension (HT) has been increasingly reported in parallel to the increase in the prevalence of obesity in children, both of which are important components of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of COVID‐19 restrictions, which are believed to induce lifestyle changes and physical inactivity, on the parameters of metabolic syndrome in children with primary hypertension. Methods This was an observational, pre‐post study conducted on pediatric patients with primary HT. The first phase of the study was the period prior to when COVID‐19 restrictions were put in place in Turkey, and the second phase was up to the date when the restrictions were lifted. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements, laboratory tests, and hypertensive‐mediated organ damage at both phases of the study were compared. Results Severe restrictions due to the COVID‐19 pandemic were associated with an increase in mean ± standard deviation body mass index (BMI) (26.4 ± 7.3 vs. 27.2 ± 7.1, P = 0.002), antihypertensive drug use (n = 53 (57.6%) vs. n = 59 (64.1%), P < 0.0001), fasting blood glucose level (89.4 ± 12.6 vs. 94.1 ± 14.2, P = 0.013), and a borderline elevation in total cholesterol (21 [22.8%] vs. 28 [30.4%], P < 0.0001). These increases negatively affected end organs, with an increased frequency of interventricular septum hypertrophy (n = 12 [13%] vs. n = 17 [18.5%], P = 0.031). Conclusions COVID‐19 restrictions were associated with an increased risk of parameters associated with metabolic syndrome in patients with primary hypertension. Physicians should carefully monitor the weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose level, and total cholesterol levels in patients during periods of movement/activity restrictions such as during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, clinicians should focus on determining the predisposing factors to primary HT and aim to eliminate them as early as possible to prevent or reduce future health complications. 28 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of COVID‐19 restriction on metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension

Leventoğlu

Şişik

Çelik

et al. 2022

Pediatrics International

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“…We also found positive associations between BMI and SBP, DBP, and girls with overweight or obesity had increased risks of HBP and high DBP compared with girls without overweight or obesity. Obesity is an important risk factor for hypertension in children [38,39], and also plays a role in the relationship between physical activity and blood pressure [40]. It may be because of the above reasons that there is no association between sedentary physical activity and DBP in girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and eating behaviors patterns associated with high blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents

CHEN

WANG

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background Physical activity and eating behavior are associated with hypertension in children and adolescents. Revealing the associations between physical activity patterns, eating behavior patterns and high blood pressure (HBP) could help improve the problem of hypertension from the actual children’s physical activities and eating behaviors. Methods The students aged 8–15 years was selected from two nine-year primary and secondary schools using stratified cluster random sampling method. The students’ body height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured, and their physical activity time and eating behaviors were surveyed by using CLASS questionnaire and self-made eating behavior questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to extract moderate-high intensity physical activity factor (MHPAF), sedentary physical activity factor (SPAF), healthy eating behavior factor (HEBF), unhealthy eating behavior factor (UHEBF). MHPAF ≥ SPAF was defined as moderate-high intensity physical activity pattern (MHPAP), MHPAF < SPAF was defined as sedentary physical activity pattern (SPAP). HEBF ≥ UHEBF was defined as healthy eating behavior pattern (HEBP), while the opposite was defined as unhealthy eating behavior pattern (UHEBP). Results The MHPAF and UHEBF in boys were significantly higher than those in girls (P < 0.01), while the SPAF in girls was significantly higher than that in boys (P < 0.05). The SPAF was positively correlated with SBP in girls (β (SE) = 1.36 (0.50), P = 0.07), and was positively correlated with SBP (β (SE) = 4.81 (1.22), P < 0.001) and DBP (β (SE) = 1.36 (0.49), P = 0.006) in boys. The MHPAF was negatively correlated with DBP (β(SE)=-0.94 (0.41), P = 0.022) in boys. In boys, the SPAP increased the risks of HBP (OR (95% CI):3.34 (1.30–8.63)) and high DBP (OR (95% CI):3.08 (1.02–9.34)) compared with MHPAP. Conclusion Compared with the boys with MHPAP, boys with SPAP may increase the risks of HBP and high DBP. The SPAF may be positively associated with SBP in boys and girls, while the MHPAF may be negatively associated with DBP in boys.

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“…G*Power analysis was used to calculate the sample size to examine the link between the volume of muscle-strengthening activities and blood pressure ( 22 ). Using a power of 0.8, an alpha level of 0.05, and an effect size of 0.2, the minimal number of samples is 153 ( 23 ). Out of a total of 412 eligible prospective subjects, 155 did not give their consent to participate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mediation role of physical fitness in association between muscle-strengthening physical activities and its component with blood pressure among young adults: considering gender and abnormal blood pressure as moderators, moderate-vigorous physical activity, sleep behavior, sedentary behavior, mental wellbeing and BMI as covariates

Hidayat,

Agustiningsih,

Sabirin

et al. 2023

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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BackgroundGlobal burden of hypertension among young people continues to increase. There have been many studies examining the effect of aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure, many of them didn't consider interdependence between them. Conflicting results of health-related fitness, particularly handgrip strength, as intermediate outcomes of muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure also emerged. This research will carry out a mediation-moderation analysis to find out the relationship between muscle strengthening physical activity and blood pressure among young adults by considering health-related fitness and 24-hour movement behavior.MethodsA cross-sectional study among 221 Indonesian young adults attending a physical activity intervention collected participant's muscle-strengthening physical activity, and 24 h movement behavior, including aerobic physical activity, sedentary and sleep behavior, and mental well-being using validated questionnaires. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted using Process Macro model 10 on SPSS 25 to investigate the association of muscle-strengthening physical activity on blood pressure, with gender and blood pressure as moderator, mediators consist of handgrip strength, muscle mass percentage and cardiorespiratory fitness. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on participant's cardiorespiratory fitness level.ResultsVolume of muscle-strengthening physical activities in a week have a direct association with systolic blood pressure among prehypertensive male with an effect of 0,00989359 (95% CI 0,0046488 to 0,00336478). Considering its volume as mediator, the frequency of muscle-strengthening physical activity contributed to a significant direct effect on diastolic blood pressure in both genders, but the duration of MSPA has a significant direct effect on systolic blood pressure in male subjects. There is no component of physical fitness that provides a significant mediating effect. After a subgroup analysis, the relationship between MSPA Volume and blood pressure is not significant for individuals with a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness.ConclusionsThis study shows that increased participation in muscle strengthening physical activity, especially in subject with low cardiorespiratory fitness, could increase blood pressure in prehypertensive young adult male population without mediation by physical fitness. Further research is needed to investigate other mechanisms that influence this relationship.

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Association between physical activity level and blood pressure: varied and graded mediating effects of obesity indices in schoolchildren

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

The effect of COVID‐19 restriction on metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension

The effect of COVID‐19 restriction on metabolic syndrome in primary hypertension

Physical activity and eating behaviors patterns associated with high blood pressure among Chinese children and adolescents

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