Association between Polymorphisms in Sclerostin, Dickkopfs and Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein Genes and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Korean Women

Abstract

Background/Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in sclerostin (SOST), dickkopf (DKK), secreted frizzled-related protein (sFRP) genes and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal Korean women. Methods: The SOST, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), sFRP1,sFRP2,sFRP3, sFRP4, sFRP5, DKK1, DKK2 and DKK3 polymorphisms were analyzed in 399 postmenopausal Korean women. Serum levels of bone turnover markers were measured, and BMDs at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were also examined. Results: No significant differences in adjusted BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were noted according to any single and combined polymorphisms measured in SOST, DKKs and sFRPs. However, osteoporosis at the femoral neck was 2.35 times more frequently observed in the AA genotype of the sFRP4 c.958C>A polymorphism compared to the non-AA genotype (95% CI 1.09-5.08, p = 0.03). Also, the CC genotype of the sFRP3 c.970C>G polymorphism had a higher rate of osteoporosis at the femoral neck compared to the GC genotype (OR 8.47, 95% CI 1.37-52.63, p = 0.049). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the sFRP3 c.970C>G and sFRP4 c.958C>A polymorphisms may be genetic factors associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis at the femoral neck in postmenopausal Korean women.

Relationship Between Sclerostin (SOST) Expression and Genetic Loci rs851056, rs1230399 Polymorphisms and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes in Xinjiang

“… 14 However, Lee et al reported that this site may not be a related factor of BMD. 13 Our research data further support the argument that the allelic variation of the rs851056 locus is related to BMD, suggesting that the rs851056 locus may be a susceptible gene locus for T2DM complicated with abnormal bone mass, which may predict changes in bone metabolism index and BMD.…”

“…The rs851056 locus was located at the 5ʹ UTR end of the SOST gene, and the genotypes were CC, CG, and GG, respectively. In the present study, the minor allele frequency (MAF) of rs851056 was 0.356, which was comparable to that of postmenopausal women in Korea (0.38), 13 Australia (0.33), 14 Spain (0.38), 15 and Africa (0.350), 16 but lower than the population of postmenopausal women in Shanghai, China (0.391), 17 and the difference of MAF in different studies may be related to ethnic differences, regions, different detection methods and other factors.…”

Expression and Significance of Aquaporin-2 in Human Ectocervical-Vaginal Epithelial Cells

“…It is known that cervical and vaginal epithelial cells experience a growth period during the peri- and postmenopausal processes in normal females at different ages [21,22]. Vaginal endocrine liquid varies with age: the vagina is moist and smooth during the growth period; the vaginal wall is gradually reduced in size, reduces secretions, and exhibits dryness during perimenopause, and almost no vaginal discharge occurs following menopause [23,24].…”

The Contribution of Osteoprogenitor Cells to Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension

“…However, especially for secreted frizzled-related proteins, which are circulating secreted proteins, they act systematically and may reduce bone mass [64]. …”