Association between refrigerator use and the risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Yan, Shijiao; Gan, Yong; Song, Xingyue; Chen, Yunqiang; Song, Chen; Lv, Chuanzhu

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0203120

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…44 For example, stomach cancer has been related with access to refrigeration methods. 45 In Costa Rica, 8% of rural dwellings do not have a refrigerator as compared to 2% in urban areas, 48 which might partially explain our results. These two cancer sites are more frequent in less-developed countries than in high-income countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality: Is Costa Rica an exception to the rule?

Fantin

Santamaría‐Ulloa

Solís

2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality have been described for a range of cancers sites worldwide, using diverse measures of socioeconomic position (SEP). These studies have shown a negative social gradient where lower SEP was associated with greater odds of having cancer, particularly in men. However, there is a lack of information regarding low and middle-income countries. The objective of our study was to analyze the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of patients' residential districts and mortality due to cancer in Costa Rica between 2011 and 2017. An ecological study at the level of the district of residence was conducted using the multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regression. All cancer-caused deaths between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2017 were included (n = 32,117). Eleven cancer sites were analyzed independently. The 477 Costa Rican districts were divided by area (urban/mixed/rural) and wealth using census data. Allcancer combined a significant association between cancer mortality and wealth was found. Cancer mortality was lower in the poorest as compared to the richest districts (IRR Q4 = 0.79 [0.73-0.86]). The majority of cancer sites followed a similar pattern, showing a positive social gradient. These results contradict the international literature mostly conducted in high-income countries. These findings confirmed the importance of conducting studies in middle-income countries, since the socioeconomic and cultural contexts are different from those in high-income countries, which influence the social distribution of lifestyles and risk behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Cervical and stomach cancers are related to infectious agents . For example, stomach cancer has been related with access to refrigeration methods . In Costa Rica, 8% of rural dwellings do not have a refrigerator as compared to 2% in urban areas, which might partially explain our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality: Is Costa Rica an exception to the rule?

Fantin

Santamaría‐Ulloa

Solís

2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…57 This is probably due to the loss of vitamins and antioxidants as well as increased nitrite concentrations found in these products. 66 New methods of food storage such as refrigeration could indirectly decrease the risk of GC through reducing the intake of preserved food. This reduction could reach 30%, according to a meta-analysis of 12 observational studies.…”

Section: Preserved Foodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastric Cancer in Iran: An Overview of Risk Factors and Preventive Measures

et al. 2021

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Despite all recent treatment advances and the worldwide decline in the incidence rate, gastric cancer (GC) remains an ongoing global health challenge and one of the major leading causes of cancer-specific deaths, particularly in high-incidence regions including Iran. Since GC is often diagnosed in advanced stages, the best action may be to enable early diagnosis of the disease or even prevent it in the first place through identification and control of the underlying risk factors. Endoscopy, as the gold standard method, is both expensive and invasive, making it an unfavorable device in this regard. Therefore, it is crucial to implement a reliable region-specific screening and surveillance program to identify high-risk individuals with more efficient screening modalities. Here, in addition to a review of current GC knowledge, we presented the data of newly-established Population-based Cancer Registries (PBCRs) in Iran. Our assessment confirmed earlier reports of a very high GC incidence rate in the northwestern and northern provinces of Iran, most notably Ardabil. Along with the important role of conventional risk factors such as Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and high dietary intake of salt, of more interest, we highlighted new region-specific risk factors, namely hookah, and opium. In conclusion, it seems the best results in reducing GC incidence and mortality rates on larger scales arise from modifying behavioral and environmental risk factors and advancing genetic and molecular biomarkers in order to supersede endoscopy. Regular endoscopic screening and antibiotic chemoprophylaxis against HP are still more appropriate in high-risk groups with specified criteria.

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“…3 Even though the prevalence of gastric cancer has been steadily declined because of the promotion of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) detection and eradication and the popularity of refrigerators, the incidence rate of gastric cancer climbs with age, especially among elderly people. [4][5][6] With the extension of people's average life expectancy and the aging of the global population, the absolute number of elderly gastric cancer patients is increasing annually. 7 Gastrectomy and standard lymphadenectomy are still the most effective treatment methods for gastric cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Nomogram for Predicting the Prognosis of Elderly Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma After Gastrectomy

Yang¹,

Ji²,

Jin³

et al. 2022

IJGM

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To establish a pragmatic prognostic nomogram for predicting the survival of elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods: Data of elderly patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2004 and 2015 were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Prognostic factors were identified by the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards model. Based on these factors, we developed a nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) and gastric cancer-specific survival (GCSS). Concordance index (Cindex) and calibration curve are employed to assess the predictive accuracy of the model. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis are applied to further appraise the clinical utility of the model. Results: A total of 8401 cases were incorporated into this research. After univariate and multivariate analyses, nine prognostic factors of OS were identified, including age (P < 0.001), race (P < 0.001), marital status (P < 0.001), tumor site (P < 0.001), tumor size (P = 0.024), differentiation (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P < 0.001), and M stage (P < 0.001); ten prognostic factors of GCSS were identified, including age (P < 0.001), race (P < 0.001), tumor site (P < 0.001), tumor size (P = 0.002), differentiation (P < 0.001), T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P < 0.001), M stage (P < 0.001), radiotherapy (P < 0.001) and chemotherapy (P < 0.001). The C-index of the constructed nomogram for OS was 0.708 (95% CI: 0.701-0.715) while for GCSS was 0.745 (95% CI: 0.737-0.753). The calibration curves of the nomogram predictions and actual observations displayed good agreement for the 3-and 5-year OS and GCSS probabilities. The results of DCA and the area under the curve calculated by ROC analysis showed that the developed model was superior than TNM stage. Conclusion:The nomogram we established could accurately predict the prognosis of individual elderly patients who underwent gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma.

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Association between refrigerator use and the risk of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality: Is Costa Rica an exception to the rule?

Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality: Is Costa Rica an exception to the rule?

Gastric Cancer in Iran: An Overview of Risk Factors and Preventive Measures

A Practical Nomogram for Predicting the Prognosis of Elderly Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma After Gastrectomy

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