Association Between Saliva Quantity and Content Parameters with Caries Intensity Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Subcarpathian Children

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate saliva quantity and content parameters among children of 7 and 12 years old, who permanently living on the territory of Subcarpathia with the registered territoryassociated fluoride deficiency in the water, and their association with the caries status of pediatric patients. Material and Methods: The study sample was formed of 48 children (22 of 7 years old and 26 of 12 years old). The content of calcium in the oral liquid was determined by the ocresolphthalein complexone method. Estimation of concentration rate and fluoride activity in the oral liquid was carried out by using the ion-selective electrode ELIS-131 F and ionometer EV-74. The content of inorganic phosphorus in saliva was determined using the phosphorus reaction with molybdic acid. Results: Among all study samples, 18.8% were registered with low caries intensity level (DMF = 1.55 ± 0.16), 33.3% with moderate caries intensity level (DMF = 3.94 ± 0.29), and 47.9% with high caries intensity level (DMF = 9.05 ± 1.11). During the comparison of calcium content and mineralization coefficient values between children with low and high caries intensity levels registered difference was statistically significant (p<0.05), while for salivary flow rate parameter such difference was no significant (p>0.05). Between children with normal salivary flow rate, and children with a lowered salivary flow rate there was no statistical difference in such parameters as fluoride concentration, calcium content, phosphorus content and calcium-phosphorus balance (p>0.05). Conclusion: Caries intensity levels were more statistically associated with parameters of calcium content in saliva and related mineralization coefficient, rather than with the average salivary flow rate.

Saliva analysis in children with active caries before and after dental treatment

“…However, some studies have reported no relationship between caries activity and salivary flow rates. 12,14 Similar to results reported in published study findings, no statistically significant difference was found regarding the saliva flow rate. However, this result could be attributed to the study group not including patients with systemic salivary gland disease that can cause hyposalivation or xerostomia, but only healthy children who had not used any drugs such as antidepressants, antihistamines, diuretics or narcotics, which can reduce saliva flow, for at least four months.…”

Potential Effectiveness of Poly-Vitamins and Probiotics among Preschool Children Living within Iodine Deficiency Territory to Caries Prevention

“…Under the cross-sectional study conditions among children-residents of the Subcarpathian region, authors found that caries intensity levels were more related to the saliva-associated parameters, rather than salivary flow rate [25]. Even though salivary flow rate was not a targeted measurement of present research, we also registered an association between the stabilized pattern of caries intensity and increasing tendency of calcium content within oral fluid.…”

“…Produced samples were further analyzed on total level of calcium ions (mmol/l), bound calcium level (mmol/l), free calcium level (mmol/l), phosphate ion level (mmol/l), alkaline phosphate activity (nmol/s-l) and pH [25][26][27]. Those measurements were provided using "Philisit-Diagnostics" diagnostic standard kit (Ukraine) within in-lab conditions by the methodologies (o-cresolphthalein complexone method for calcium level evaluation; phosphoric-molybdic acid recovery method with spectrophotometrical evaluation for phosphate ion level evaluation; immunofluorescent method with Dimension RxL Max Integrated Chemistry System (Siemens Healthineers, Ukraine) for alkaline phosphate activity evaluation; and strip-test for pH evaluation) already described previously [25][26][27]. An overall complex of oral fluid examinations was aimed at its' mineralizing potential objectification with further possible interpretation using obtained numerical data.…”

“…An overall complex of oral fluid examinations was aimed at its' mineralizing potential objectification with further possible interpretation using obtained numerical data. In both groups, after primary caries-and saliva-associated parameters assessment, each child and his/her parents were trained for basic oral hygiene procedures (use of toothbrush, methodology of tooth brushing, argumentative choice of toothpaste, visual inspection for food debris with its further cleaning) [16,17,25].…”

Fosfopéptido de caseína-fosfato de calcio amorfo más cepillado con un dentífrico fluorurado en la remineralización de caries incipiente

“…4 Bilyschuk informó que niños de 12 años con bajo riesgo cariogénico presentaron concentración de calcio en saliva de 1.08 0.09 mmol/L. 5 Para potencializar la remineralización del esmalte y disminuir las lesiones cariosas se han adicionado a productos odontológicos compuestos cálcicos, con la finalidad de incrementar la biodisponibilidad de los iones de minerales en la interfaz dentaria. Entre éstos se encuentran el fosfato de calcio amorfo, el fosfato tricálcico y fosfopéptido de caseína-fosfato de calcio amorfo (CPP-ACP).…”