Association between serum klotho levels and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults

Abstract

Background Klotho deficiency is a significant predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality and morbidity. However, research assessing the association between klotho and individual risk factors of CVD is limited. This study aimed to explore the association between circulating serum klotho levels and risk factors for CVD in adults. Methods We used the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and included 13,154 participants for whom serum klotho levels were available. Body mass index (BMI), exercise, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, dyslipidemia, serum lipid parameters, and blood pressure were considered as CVD risk factors. Results Circulating klotho levels were negatively associated with being overweight (beta coefficient: − 22.609, p = 0.0025), obesity (beta coefficient: − 23.716, p = 0.0011), current smoking (beta coefficient: − 46.412, p < 0.0001), and alcohol consumption (beta coefficient: − 51.194, p < 0.0001). There was a positive association between serum klotho levels and no history of dyslipidemia (beta coefficient: 15.474, p = 0.0053). Serum klotho levels were significantly decreased by a unit increase in triglycerides (beta coefficient: − 0.117, p = 0.0006) and total cholesterol (beta coefficient: − 0.249, p = 0.0002). There was a significant non-linear relationship between serum klotho levels, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Conclusions Lower serum klotho levels are associated with certain CVD risk factors, including high BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and lipid parameters (triglycerides and total cholesterol). This study suggests that the soluble klotho level may be a potential marker for CVD risk.

Relationship between plasma atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and Klotho protein: A cross-sectional study

“…In summary, the negative correlation between plasma klotho concentration and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and atherosclerosis has been con rmed [29,[33][34]. This association is also observed in our study regarding the relationship between AIP and klotho.…”

Birth size and the pace of aging in men

“…However, the physiological effects of sex steroid hormones on klotho levels have not been completely elucidated and require further studies. Furthermore, the only factor related to klotho level was the frequency of alcohol drinking which is in line with the previous research [121][122][123]. Quintero-Platt et al [124] observed higher s-Klotho levels among alcoholics than in controls, but these differences were dependent on the presence of cirrhosis.…”

Partial Genetic Deletion of Klotho Aggravates Cardiac Calcium Mishandling in Acute Kidney Injury

“…In the CRS setting, high klotho levels are associated with a lower risk of decline in kidney function [ 41 ]. At the same time, lower klotho levels seem to be a potent marker of cardiovascular risk, especially in an aging situation [ 13 ].…”

“…In the kidney, low circulating plasma soluble klotho levels have been correlated with worsening renal function in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as in acute kidney injury (AKI) [ 10 ]. Furthermore, low soluble klotho levels are associated with arterial stiffness in CKD, increased cardiovascular mortality rate in haemodialysis and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”