Association Between Sex, Nutritional Status, Severity of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and Immune Status in Infants With Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever

Abstract

The association between sex, nutritional status, and the severity of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), and immune status was investigated in 245 Vietnamese infants with predominantly primary infections with dengue virus. Male and female infants were at equal risk of developing DHF/DSS. However, infants of low height and weight for age were under-represented among DHF/DSS cases compared with 533 healthy baby clinic infant controls. Acute illness phase blood levels of selected cytokines (interferon-␥ and tumor necrosis factor-␣) and serum levels of antibodies to dengue virus were elevated in the same range in male and female infants with DHF/DSS, as well as in infants with and without malnutrition.

Hospital-Based Prevalence of Malaria and Dengue in Febrile Patients in Bangladesh

“…40 Additionally, there was no significant sex difference either in a study in Thailand with male and female infants (male:female ratio = 1.3:1), or in studies in Brazil and Peru with older patients. [41][42][43] Dengue fever has a reported case-fatality rate of approximately 1%, and the clinical consequences can be a serious issue for populations in Bangladesh. 44,45 In this study, there was one death, and most (82%) patients recovered without any residual illness.…”

Association between interleukin-8 and severity of dengue shock syndrome in children

“…A previous study found male more than female but there is no differences in the risk of males and females to experience DHF. 13 We found the majority of DSS cases to have normal nutritional status. A previous study reported that the majority of dengue and DSS cases have normal nutritional status.…”

“…17 Severe dengue infection is characterized by plasma leakage due to increased vascular permeability, coagulation of bleeding due to imbalance in hemostasis, or any other serious organ involvement. 13 Dengue viral infection induces endothelial cell production of cytokines, one of which is IL-8. 8 Increased IL-8 is associated with plasma leakage, endothelial cell damage, impaired coagulation, and fibrinolysis in dengue patients.…”

Faktor Prognosis Terjadinya Perdarahan Gastrointestinal dengan Demam Berdarah Dengue pada Dua Rumah Sakit Rujukan

“…Walaupun secara statistik tidak bermakna, hal tersebut berhubungan dengan infeksi dengue kedua lebih yang sering terjadi pada orang dewasa dibanding anak dan keparahan infeksi dengue lebih sering terjadi pada infeksi kedua. Penelitian Nguyen dkk, 10 di Vietnam, didapatkan frekuensi dan kejadian DSS lebih sering pada anak usia 6-10 tahun, tetapi anak usia 1-5 tahun mempunyai risiko lebih tinggi mengalami kematian dibanding anak yang lebih tua.…”