Association Between the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of Inactivated SARS-CoV2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) with the Presence of Hypertension among Health Care Workers

Rifai, Achmad; Wahono, Cesarius Singgih; Pratama, Mirza Zaka; Handono, Kusworini; Susianti, Hani; Iskandar, Agustin; Diyah, Nurima; Santoningsih, Dewi; Samsu, Nur; Gunawan, Atma

doi:10.1080/10641963.2021.2022687

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The dysregulation of cytokine profile associated with aging and obesity induces a low-grade inflammatory state that chronically activates the immune system and renders B cells refractory for further stimulation [ 54 , 55 ]. Consistent with Rifai et al 2022 [ 56 ], we observed in hypertensive HCWs a lower trend in antibody production, and therefore, they might be more prone to have COVID-19 infections despite completing the vaccination schedule. Th2 subset number and IL-4 serum levels were significant reductions in hypertensive patients [ 57 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

et al. 2022

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Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a constantly evolving virus, resulting in an increased burden on the existing COVID-19 vaccines. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are the first line of defense against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and have been prioritized among the risk categories receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. This work aimed to investigate the maintenance of antibody response of the Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1/nCoV-19). Methods: Anti-spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) was measured at baseline point (immediately prior to vaccination) and 12- and 24-week (w) points following vaccination. Adverse reactions to the vaccine were reported. Participants were followed up for the incidence of COVID-19 during the 12 w interval between vaccination doses for 24 w after the second dose. Results: A total of 255 HCWs participated in the study. Prior to vaccination, 54.1% experienced COVID-19, 88.2% were seropositive after the first dose, while seropositivity reached 95.7% after the second dose. Following the first and second doses, the anti-spike IgG serum level was significantly higher in subjects with past COVID-19 than in others (p < 0.001 and =0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The Oxford–AstraZeneca vaccine is generally safe and provides a highly effective long-term humoral immune response against the Delta and Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

et al. 2022

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“…This hypothesis agrees with previous data showing low seropositivity after vaccination in patients with chronic kidney disease (35,(66)(67)(68)(69). Moreover, higher rate of other comorbidities such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction among T2DM group might confound the results (42,(70)(71)(72).…”

Section: Gfrsupporting

confidence: 91%

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

Boroumand

Forouhi

Karimi³

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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PurposeTo evaluate the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) through a systematic approach.MethodA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science with no time restrictions. The search was based on the three main concepts: Covid-19, Vaccine immunogenicity and Diabetes Mellitus.ResultsAfter excluding irrelevant studies, 16 studies remained for the quantitative assay. Among the sixteen studies, eleven had controls. Type of diabetes was specifically mentioned in six studies (T2DM; n=4, T1DM and T2DM; n=2). Twelve of the included studies were conducted on the immunogenicity of vaccines that included mRNA vaccines (i.e. BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273) in DM, five studies included vector-based vaccines (i.e. Ad5-nCoV and ChAdOx1-S), and five studies assessed the immunogenicity of vaccines in DM, including inactivated vaccines (i.e. BBV-152, CoronaVac, Sinopharm or SinoVac). Most of the current studies indicate lower antibody response in patients with DM compared to individuals without DM, after the second dose of vaccine and irrespective of vaccine type. Several studies have shown that higher age and higher BMI are associated with lower antibody response, while optimum glycemic control and higher GFR are associated with higher antibody response among patients with DM.ConclusionImmunogenicity of the vaccines has mostly been reported to be lower among patients with DM compared to healthy controls. There are also few studies assessing variables that significantly affect this association, including age, type of diabetes, BMI, glycemic control and eGFR. Investigating these associations could help us provide the most advantageous condition for patients with DM before, during and after vaccination for optimum antibody response. Many unresolved issues concerning potential factors affecting vaccine immunogenicity, including type of vaccine, numbers of administered doses, re-vaccination intervals and hyperglycemia in patients with DM need to be addressed through future research.

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“…Our results showing that MS patients had a poorer antibody response than healthy controls, which mainly performed by antibody titers and seroprevalence. This is consistent with a series of previous studies (10,(13)(14)(15). In addition, through subgroup analysis based on the number of comorbid MS diseases, we discovered that there is no significant difference in antibody levels among the three subgroups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Previous studies has indicated that inactived COVID-19 vaccines were good tolerated in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and obesity or higher body mass index (BMI), but whether the immunogenicity existing difference between MS and individuals without MS is still inconsistency (10,(13)(14)(15). Watanabe et al (10) reported that obesity and hypertension are associated with poorer antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Watanabe et al (10) reported that obesity and hypertension are associated with poorer antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Rifai et al (13) found that vaccine effectiveness was declined in participants with hypertension, and the risk of being infected with COVID-19 was increased. Differently, Parthymou et al (14) reported that compare to normol-weight individuals, the antibody response of overweight individuals had no significant difference.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study

Guo

Yang

Ran

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Background and aimsThe prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), wich mainly including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, remains high, and the safety and antibody response of inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) is still inconsistency, therefore it is necessary to explore the safety and antibody responses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination in MS patients in clinical practice.Methods157 adults patients who were suffering from MS and 117 health controls (HC) at an interval of at least 21 days after full-course (2nd dose) vaccination were enrolled. The safety of inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was evaluated through collected adverse events (AEs) by questionnaire. The immunogenicity of included participant to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination was represented by serum seropositivity rate of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (CoV-2 Nab) and titers of anti-RBD IgG, CoV-2 Nab. The B cells, mainly including RBD-specific B cells, RBD-specific memory B cell (MBC), RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells, RBD+ atypical MBC cells (atyMBCs), and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells, were also analyzed.ResultsIn terms of safety, all AEs in MS patients were mild and self-limiting, and the incidence was comparable to that of HC participants, with overall AEs within seven days reported in 9.6% (15/157) of 3H and 11.1% (13/117) of HC. Both groups experienced no serious adverse events. As for immunogenicity of MS patients to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination, compared with health controls, the seroprevalence of anti-RBD IgG and CoV-2 Nab was significantly decreased in MS patients (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, respectively), while the titers of anti-RBD IgG (AU/ml) and CoV-2 Nab (μg/ml) were also significant lower in MS patients (p = 0.014, p = 0.002, respectively). As for frequencies of B cells, MS patients had lower frequencies of RBD-specific B cells, RBD+ resting MBCs, and RBD+ intermediate MBCs (p = 0.003, p = 0.000, p = 0.000, respectively), but had a higher frequencies of RBD+ atypical MBCs (p = 0.000) than HC. In comorbidity number subgroups analysis of MS, except frequencies of RBD+ resting MBC cells, RBD+ activated MBC cells and RBD+ intermediate MBC cells had significant difference among three groups (p = 0.035, p = 0.042, p = 0.046, respectively), antibody response had no significant difference among 1H, 2H, and 3H groups (p > 0.05). And took 70 years old as a boundary, also no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found in age subgroups. Lastly, comprehensive analysis in MS patients indicated that interval time after 2nd dose vaccine was the statistical significant factor which impacting antibody response in MS individuals.ConclusionsInactivated COVID-19 vaccines were well-tolerated, but induced a poorer antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in MS patients comparing to HC participants. Patients with MS should therefore be more proactive in receiving inactivated COVID-19 vaccine, and a booster vaccination may be considered necessary.Clinical trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT05043246.

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Association Between the Effectiveness and Immunogenicity of Inactivated SARS-CoV2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) with the Presence of Hypertension among Health Care Workers

Cited by 10 publications

References 26 publications

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

Maintenance of Antibody Response in Egyptian Healthcare Workers Vaccinated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine during Delta and Omicron Variants Pandemic: A Prospective Study

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in patients with diabetes mellitus: A systematic review

Safety and immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional observational study

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