Association Between Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Dental Caries in Children: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases with chronic prevalence. Keep going increased, not only in adults but also in children. Diabetes mellitus type 1, the most common, occurs in children. Dental caries is an infection caused by metabolizing bacteria Streptococcus mutans, and Lactobacilli that convert carbohydrates into acid that damages tooth enamel. Diabetes can cause changes in saliva composition and flow. Saliva is vital in guarding a healthy tooth by neutralizing acid and providing minerals for remineralizing tooth enamel. Method: A systematic review was done by reviewing research through English data sources Pub Med, Proquest, Cochran, and Wiley. Four studies were included according to the inclusion criteria. Result: The results of a review of these four journals showed that children aged 6-18 who have type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus have a higher risk of developing dental caries or dental diseases. Children with diabetes are predisposed to have more glucose in their saliva. High glucose can become a source of nutrition for bacteria cariogenic, which contributes to the formation of plaque and acids that damage teeth. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for oral health. Diabetes Mellitus had a significant correlation with dental caries in children. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Children.